Digestion Flashcards
Digestive system
All the organs and glands associated with the ingestion and digestion of food
Digestion
The process by which food is broken down into absorbable units
Absorption
The uptake of nutrients by the cells of the small intestine for transport into either the blood or the lymph
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
The digestive tract. The principal organs are the stomach and intestines
Umami
A savory flavor commonly associated with monosodium glutamate, an additive used to enhance the flavor of foods
Anus
The terminal outlet d the GI tract
Appendix
A narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the colon that contains bacteria and lymph cells
Bile ducts
Passages that convey bile from the liver to the gallbladder and from the gallbladder to the small intestine
Where does the process of digestion begin ?
In the mouth
Five basic taste sensation
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami
What other things influence a persons taste perceptions ?
The aroma
Appearance
Texture
Temperature
What does the tongue do in our mouth ?
The tongue detects taste sensations and moves food around the mouth, facilitating chewing and swallowing
Digestive tract extends from
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
Epiglottis
Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering it when a person swallows
Mastication
The process of chewing
Bolus
A portion; with respect to food, the amount swallowed at one time
Trachea
Allows air to pass to and from lungs
Salivary grands
Secrete saliva
Pharynx
Directs food from mouth to esophagus
Stomach
Churns, mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass; adds acid enzymes, and fluid
Chyme
The semiliquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum
- It doesn’t like acid
GI motility
A the spontaneous movement of the GI and tract that aids in the digestion aids transit of the contents within it
Segmentation
A periodic squeezing or partitioning of the intestine as intervals along its length by its circular muscles.
Peristalsis
Wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its contents along
What are the three layers of the stomach
Longitudinal
Circular
Diagonal
Reflux
A backword flow
Heartburn
A burning sensation in the chest caused by backflow of the stomach acid into the esophagus
PH
Th e unit of measure expressing a substance’s acidity or alkalinity
Three energy yielding nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
