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Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

1
Q

Excluding the auditory ossicles, how many bones form the skull?

A

22 bones

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2
Q

How many bones form the neurocranium?

A

8 bones

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3
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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4
Q

How many bones form the facial skeleton?

A

14 bones

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5
Q

What bones form the facial skeleton?

A

mandible, vomer, nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, and zygomatic

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6
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis and syndesmosis

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7
Q

What were the five types of suture based on Latin groupings?

A

serrate, denticulate, limbous, squamos, and harmonia

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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9
Q

What are the characterisitics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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10
Q

What were the classifications of sutura vera (true sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

serrate, denticulate, and limbous

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11
Q

What were the classifications of sutura notha (false sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

squamos and harmonia

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12
Q

What are the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

cruciate suture made up of the intermaxillary, interpalatine, and palatomaxillary sutures

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13
Q

What are the examples of the schindylesis type of suture?

A

sphenoid-ethmoid-vomer articulation, the palatine-maxilla-vomer articulation

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14
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

maxilla-root of tooth; mandible-root of tooth

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15
Q

What are the five views of the skull called?

A

norma verticalis, norma frontalis, norma occipitalis, norma lateralis, norma basalis

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16
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

the anterior fontanelle

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17
Q

What is the posterior fontanelle?

A

the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones

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18
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

the posterior fontanelle

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19
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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20
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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21
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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22
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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23
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

the inion

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24
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

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25
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure skull size?

A

the nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion

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26
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

the nasion, vertex, and inion

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27
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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28
Q

What passes through the foramen cecum?

A

an emissary vein

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29
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

lesser wings, anterior clinoid processes and spehnoidal jugum of sphenoid bone

30
Q

What are the parts of the sella turcica?

A

anterior clinoid processes, sphenoidal jugum, posterior clinoid processes, dorsum sella, and hypophysial fossa of sphenoid bone

31
Q

What neuronal structure is located in front of the hypophysis cerebri or pituitary gland?

A

optic chiasmata

32
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and opthalmic artery

33
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

the opthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the abducent nerve

34
Q

Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?

A

the superior orbital fissure

35
Q

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

A

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve Vb)

36
Q

What will the foramen ovale communicate with?

A

the middle cranial fossa and the infratemporal region

37
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

38
Q

What will the foramen spinosum communicate with?

A

the middle cranial fossa and the infratemporal region

39
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

the nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery

40
Q

What will the foramen lacerum communicate with in the living person?

A

it crosses between parts of the middle cranial fossa; it is not a major exit from the skull as would be suggested by the dry skull

41
Q

What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

the internal carotid artery, the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus, and a venous plexus

42
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for the greater (superficial) petrosal nerve?

A

the greater (superficial) petrosal nerve, a branch of the facial nerve

43
Q

What will the vidian canal/pterygoid canal communicate with?

A

the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa

44
Q

What opening allows a branch of cranial nerve VII to enter the pterygopalatine fossa from the middle cranial fossa?

A

the vidian canal/pterygoid canal

45
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

the lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

46
Q

How will the lesser petrosal nerve typically exit the middle cranial fossa?

A

the foramen ovale

47
Q

What will the foramen ovale communicate with?

A

the middle cranial fossa and infratemporal region

48
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the tentorium cerebelli

49
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli seperates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

50
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

51
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labryinthine artery and vein

52
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sius, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus of jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) and XI (spinal accessory)

53
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum…. SCALP

54
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

Internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

55
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3 divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve

56
Q

Which ventral rami nerve(s) and cord levels of origin supply the scalp?

A

greater auricular nerve - C2, C3 ventral rami branches; lesser occipital nerve - C2 (C3) ventral rami branches

57
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital nerve - C2, C3 communicating ramus

58
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

Orbicularis oris, procerus, and risorius

59
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

Branchial efferent (BE)

60
Q

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

61
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?

A

all 3 divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve

62
Q

The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

superior wall of the orbit

63
Q

What are the contents of he optic canal?

A

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

64
Q

What are the openings along the medial wall of the orbit?

A

anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina

65
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lamina papyracea

66
Q

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

lateral wall of the orbit

67
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent/abducens cranial nerves, opthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve, and opthalmic veins

68
Q

What opening(s) is(are) located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

inferior orbital fissure

69
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

70
Q

Identify the opening(s) found along each wall of the orbit.

A

superior wall: optic canal
Medial wall: anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina
Lateral wall: superior orbital fissure
Inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure

71
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and opthalmic divisions/branches)

72
Q

Parasympathetric stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 (20 decks)

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