Ligament Quiz Questions Flashcards
What ligaments are present at the occipito-axial joint?
the apical ligament of the dens/apicodental ligament, alar ligament and membrana tectoria/tectorial membrane
What is the embryonic derivative of the apicodental ligament?
the notchord
What is the function of the alar ligament?
together they function to resist axial rotation
What forms the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane?
What are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the membrana tectoria?
the posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the capsular ligament of the atlanto-occipital joint and cranial dura of the posterior cranial fossa
What are the attachment sites for the deep layer of the membrana tectoria?
the posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the periosteum behind the cruciate ligament attachment site on the anterior rim of the foramen magnum
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion-extension?
about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending?
about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation?
about 33 degrees or about six degrees per couple
What are the locations for costovertebral joints on the vertebra?
the costocentral joint at the vertebral body and the costotransverse joint at the transverse process
Which costocentral ligament forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen?
the costocentral capsular ligament
The costocentral radiate/stellate ligament is identified with which joint classification?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
An intra-articular ligament will be identified with which ribs?
ribs 2-9
What are the attaching surfaces of the intra-articular ligament?
the intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc
Which vertebrae will have a synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) costotransverse joint?
Typically T1-T10
What are the accessory ligaments of the costotransverse joint?
the superior costotransverse ligament, the inferior costotransverse ligament, and the lateral costotransverse ligament
At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?
The first rib
What ligaments will attach to the neck of the twelfth rib?
the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1
What are the attachment sites for the lumbocostal ligament?
the neck of the twelfth rib and the transverse process of L1
What is the function of the superior costotransverse ligament?
limitation of lateral bending or maintaining lateral stability
What are the attachment sites for the inferior costotransverse ligament?
the neck of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
Which vertebrae will have an attachment for the inferior costotransverse ligament?
T1-T11
At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?
the twelfth rib
What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?
the costotransverse foramen
Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?
the inferior costotransverse ligament
What are the attachment sites for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse tubercle of the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
Which vertebrae will have an attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
T1-T11
Which vertebra will lack an attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
T12
Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?
T11/T12 and T12/L1
Which range of motion is greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
flexion-extension
Which range of motion is least for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
one side axial rotation
Based on current literature what common ligaments are absent at the lumbosacral joint?
ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament
Which ligaments replace the intertransverse ligament at the the lumbosacral joint?
the iliolumbar ligament and lumbosacral
Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represens the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?
the superior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex will attach to the sacral ala?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical descriptions?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
What are the attachment sites for the accessory iliolumbar ligament?
the transverse process of L4 and the iliac crest
Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine has the greatest range of motion?
L5/S1
Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?
felxion-extension
Which range of motion is least for L1-L5 vertebral couples?
one side axial rotaion
Which range of motion is least for the L5/S1 vertebral couple?
one side lateral bending
List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal column.
the anterior atlanto-occipital ligament, anterior atlanto-axial ligament, anteriror longitudinal ligament, and the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal
the membrana tectoria, posterior longitudinal ligament, and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the posterior boundary of the spinal canal.
the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum, and the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What forms the closure for the spinal canal inferiorly?
the fusion of the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament with the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homolog of the intertransverse ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint?
the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homolog of the capsular ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint?
the intercornual ligament
What does the sacral cornu represent?
the inferior articular process and facet of S5
What is the auricular surface of the ilium composed of?
articular cartilage, interspersed with fibrocartilage
What is the superficial appearance of the auricular surfaces of the sacro-iliac joint by age 15?
the sacrum develops a sacral groove while the ilium develops an iliac ridge
Which gender is biased with greater unevenness of the auricular surface of the sacro-iliac joint?
males
What forms the accessory sacro-iliac joint?
the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus
What pathological or age-related modifications of the sacro-iliac joint may occur?
degenerative arthrosis and ankylosis
What does degenerative arthrosis mean?
a condition of degeneration of the joint, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD)
What does ankylosis mean?
a condition of fibrous adhesion occurs within the joint
What is the age and surface bias associated with degenerative arthrosis of the sacro-iliac joint?
age 40, the iliac auricular surface
What is the age and gender bias associated with ankylosis of the sacro-iliac joint?
age 50 and male bias particularly in African American males
What movements at the sacro-iliac joint are described as forward nodding and backward nodding?
nutation and counternutation, respectively
What is the age and gender bias associated with ossification of the anterior sacro-iliac ligament?
age 40 and male bias
Which is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments?
the interosseus sacro-iliac ligament
What are the attachment sites of the interosseus sacroiliac ligament?
at the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus
What is the relationship between the capsular and interosseus scaroiliac ligaments?
the interosseus sacro-iliac ligament replaces the capsular ligament posteriorly
What passes between the layers of the interosseus sacro-iliac ligament?
dorsal rami from the sacral spinal nerves
What ligament blends with the lateral border of the long posterior sacro-iliac ligament?
the sacrotuberous ligament
What forms the falciform process?
the contiuation of the sacrotuberous ligament along the ischial ramus
What seperates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina?
the sacrospinous ligament
