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Spinal Final > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis and syndesmosis

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2
Q

What were the five types of sutures based on Latin groupings?

A

serrate, denticulate, limbous, squamous and harmonia

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochrondral ossificaton

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5
Q

Which sutures demonstrate non-interlock, but wil overlap their edges?

A

squamous sutures

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6
Q

What were the classifications of sutura notha (false sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

squamous and harmonia

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7
Q

What are the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

cruciate suture made up of the intermaxillary, interpalatine and palato-maxillary sutures

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8
Q

What are the examples of the schindylesis type of suture?

A

sphenoid - ethmoid - vomer articulation, the palatine - maxilla - vomer articulation

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9
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

maxilla - root of the tooth, mandible - root of the tooth

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10
Q

What are the five views of the skull called?

A

norma verticalis, norma frontalis, norma occipitalis, normas lateralis, norma basalis

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11
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with the parietal bones?

A

the anterior fontanelle

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12
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with the parietal bones?

A

the posterior fontanelle

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13
Q

What is the glabella?

A

the elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits

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14
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

the piriform aperature

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15
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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16
Q

What forms a bullet like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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17
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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18
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal bones

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19
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure skull size?

A

the nasion, vertex, inion and gnathion

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20
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

the nasion, vertex and inion

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21
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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22
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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23
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

the opthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the opthalmic division of the trigeminal and the abducent nerve

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24
Q

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

A

the maxillary division of the trigeminal (cranial nerve Vb)

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25
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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26
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

the nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nere and the middle meningeal artery

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27
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial berves VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

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28
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tmpanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (spinal accessory)

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29
Q

What can the 5 layers of the scalp spell?

A

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, periosteum…SCALP

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30
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

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31
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all three divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

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32
Q

Which ventral rami branches supply the scalp?

A

greater auricular and lesser occipital nerves

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33
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital nerve - C2, C3 communicating ramus

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34
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

orbicularis oris, procerus & risorius

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35
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

branchial efferent (BE)

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36
Q

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

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37
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the tentorium cerebelli

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38
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli separates the the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

39
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

40
Q

The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

superior wall of the orbit

41
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

42
Q

What are the openings located along the medial wall of the orbit?

A

anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina

43
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit

A

lamina papyracea

44
Q

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

lateral wall of the orbit

45
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor, trochlear & abducent/abducens cranial nerves

opthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve & opthalmic veins

46
Q

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

inferior orbital fissure

47
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

maxillary division of the trigeminal

48
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

tarsal or Meibomian gland

49
Q

What specific pathways are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervations?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways

50
Q

How many neurons are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathways from CNS to target cell?

A

two motor neurons

51
Q

What is the location for the second neuron in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathway?

A

typically a ganglion

52
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and opthalmic divisions/branches)

53
Q

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

54
Q

What is the target of the preganglionic sympathetic visceral efferent (VE) fiber in the pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the VE fiber ascends to the superior cervical ganglion to synapse

55
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

56
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen; constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into the duct system

57
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

fibrous tunic, uveal tract and retina

58
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?

A

cornea and sclera

59
Q

What are the parts of uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

60
Q

What muscles are present in the iris?

A

sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

61
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter papillae?

A

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

62
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light conditions

63
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

64
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

rod cell

65
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

axons of ganglion cells

66
Q

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

A

part of the optic nerve decussates

67
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the cornea and iris

68
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the iris and the lens

69
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

70
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

71
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

vitreous chamber

72
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

vitreous body

73
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all the rectus extraocular muscles

A

they all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit

they all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

74
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

A

both insert onto the sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

75
Q

What is the common characteristic concerning the insertion of the superior and inferior rectus extraocular muscles?

A

they insert onto the sclera of the eyeball in front of the coronal equator and are displaced slightly medially

76
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the extraocular muscles or extrinsic muscles of the eyeball?

A

the skeletal muscle is derived from the somites hence somatic efferent (SE)

77
Q

Which of the cranial nuclei of termination contain primary afferent neurons?

A

mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

78
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

ciliary ganglion

79
Q

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

A

a single vessel supplies it

80
Q

What vessels supply the inner tunic of the eyeball?

A

central artery of the retina

81
Q

What is the name given to the goats beard of the auricle?

A

tragus

82
Q

What is the name of the palpable posterior projection of the eminentia concha of the auricle?

A

ponticulus

83
Q

Which cranial nerve will innervate the muscles of the auricle?

A

the facial nerve

84
Q

Sensory innervation of the auricle is derived from which nerves?

A

greater auricular (ventral rami C1, C2)
lesser occipital nerve (ventral rami C2, possibly C3)
auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular divison trigeminal)
posterior auricular cutaneous nerve (facial)
auricular nerve (vagus)

85
Q

The lateral third of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ______.

A

cartilage

86
Q

The medal part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by________.

A

temporal bone

87
Q

Skin lining the external acoustic meatus contains what modified sebaceous glands?

A

ceruminous glands

88
Q

What is cerumen?

A

the product of ceruminous glands forming the bulk of earwar

89
Q

What are the characteristics of the parotid gland?

A

it is lobulated, yellowish, encapsulated and an exocrine gland

90
Q

What vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

the retromandibular vein

91
Q

Within the parotid gland what does the facial nerve form?

A

the facial nerve plexus

92
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve plexus?

A

temporall, zygomatic, buccal , marginal mandibular, and cervical branches

93
Q

What branch of the facial nerve penetrates the parotid gland, but it not given off within it?

A

the chorda tympani nerve

Spinal Final (8 decks)

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