Abnormal Curvatures Flashcards
What are the names given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?
lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis
What is the definition of lordosis?
a forward bending condition
What is the definition of kyphosis?
a humpback or hunchback condition
What is the definition of scoliosis?
a warped or crooked condition
What is the direction of the curve deviation in lordosis?
to the anterior
What is the direction of the curve deviation in kyphosis?
to the posterior
What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class?
military neck, humpback or hunchback, and swayback
What are curve classifications for military neck?
a kyphosis or hyolordotic curve
What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?
a kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve
What are the curve classifications for swayback?
a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve
What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis?
an abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation
What is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?
the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis
What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the scoliosis research society?
magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structural scoliosis
What does magnitude of scoliosis refer to?
the length and angle of the curve deviation on x-ray
What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?
the Cobb method
What does location of scoliosis infer?
the location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation
What does direction of scoliosis refer to?
the side the convexity of the curve will bend toward
What does etiology of scoliosis mean?
the cause of scoliosis
What is a structural scoliosis?
a more radical form of scoliosis, it may worsen, associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc, frequently has a fixed angle of trunk rotation
What is nonstructural scoliosis?
a mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, not associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc and lacks a fixed angle of trunk rotation
What are some of the classifications of scoliosis based on etiology?
congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, nerve root irritation, idiopathic
What is the classification of scoliosis that is unique to the individual patient?
idiopathic scoliosis
What does idiopathic scoliosis infer?
the scoliosis is unique to the individual, it has no known case, unknown etiology
What is the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in the population?
1% to 4% of the population
Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis?
infantile, juvenile, adolescent
What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?
from birth to 3 years old
What is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?
from 3 years old to 10 years old
What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
over 10 years old
Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.
left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence
Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.
right thoracic, females over 6 years old, and 12% -21% incidence
Identify the curve location, direction, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females and 80% incidence
What is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families
What is the relationship between cure deviation, incidence and curve worsening?
the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen
