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KP 211 > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phalanges called?

A

Distal, middle, proximal

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2
Q

What are the metacarpals called?

A

Head, shaft, base

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3
Q

Distal row of carpal bones?

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hanmate

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4
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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5
Q

Distal radioulnar joint classifcation? shape?
Movement?
Allows for?
Articulation?

A
  • Pivot (L-shaped)
  • Moves around the fixed distal end of the ulna
  • Supination and pronation
  • Head of ulna articulates with the ulnar notch on medial side of the distal end of the radius
  • Vertical portion is interposed b/w distal ends of radius and ulna
  • Transverse portion lies b/w distal end of ulna and it’s articular disk (binds the end of the radius and ulna together)
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6
Q

What muscles produces supination?

Radius and ulna? Within what ligament? What end of the radius rotates?

A
  • Supinator (when there is no resistance) and by the biceps brachii (when resistance is present) (some assistance from EPL, ECRL)
  • The head of the radius rotates within the anular ligament and the distal end of the radius rotates around the head of the ulna
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7
Q

What muscles produce pronation?

Primarily, secondarily, assistance?

A
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Pronator teres
  • Assistance from EPL ECRL
  • Brachioradialis when forearm is midpronated
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8
Q

Radiocarpal joint:
Classification?
Location?
Function?

A
  • Condylar
  • B/w articular surfaces of the radius and the large carpal bones of the proximal row
  • Wrist flexion and extension
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9
Q

Purpose of ligaments?

A
  • Reinforce joint capsule
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10
Q

Joint capsule

Layers?

A
  • Envelope surrounding a synovial joint
  • Outer fibrous layer or membrane
  • Inner synovial layer/membrane
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11
Q

Radial collateral ligament location?

A

Between the styloid process of the radius and the tubercle on scaphoid

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12
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament location?

A

Between styloid process of ulna to nonarticular (soft tissue) part of medial surface of triquetrum and pisiform

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13
Q

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

location?

A

Obliquely medially from radius to all carpal bones of proximal row and capitate (distal row)

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14
Q

Palmar ulnocarpal ligament location?

A

From distal end of ulna to lunate and triquetrum

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15
Q

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament: location?

A

Attached to proximal carpal row

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16
Q

Carpal bones are bound by?

- Distal intercarpal joints are divided into and by?

A
  • Small intercarpal ligaments (palmar and dorsal)
  • Interossesous intercarpral ligaments (b/w intercarpal ligaments)
  • Distal intercarpal joints divided into proximal and distal by interosseous membrane
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17
Q

Midcarpal joints:

  • location of joint cavity?
  • Allows?
A
  • B/w carpal rows separates them

- Allows distal row to move freely on proximal row

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18
Q

Interosseous ligaments:
Location?
Prevents?

A
  • B/w radiocarpal joint and proximal intercarpal joint

- Prevents communication b/w midcarpal joint and either radiocarpal or carpometacarpal joints

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19
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint:

  • Classification?
  • Allows for?
  • Collateral ligaments?
A
  • Condylar
  • Allows for flexion/extension and medial/lateral movement when extended
  • Keeps them stabilized on either side, fan-like and cord-like
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20
Q

Palmar ligament -

A

Protects joints on palmar side

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21
Q

Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

A

Attach to palmar ligaments and connect heads of 4 metacarpals

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22
Q

Interphalangeal joints:

  • Classification?
  • Similar to?
  • Prevents?
A
  • Hinge (flexion/extension)
  • MP joints
  • Hyperextension
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23
Q

Palmar aponeurosis:

- Location (insertion, continuous with ___)

A
  • Bridges center of the palm of the hand
  • Receives insertion for palmaris longus
  • Continuous with distal end of flexor retinaculum
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24
Q

Palmar fascia

  • Palmar aponeurosis ____
  • Location (medial/lateral to?)
  • Forms the?
  • Insertion?
  • Contains?
A
  • Medial and lateral side send septa to attach to 3rd and 5th metacarpal
  • Medial to thenar muscles, lateral to the hypothenar ones
  • Central palmar compartment
  • Long flexor muscles, short muscles, arterial arches, branches of median and ulnar nerves
25
Q

Midpalmar fascia space

  • Continuous with ____
  • Attaches to?
  • Lateral (deep) to?
  • Posterior wall is made up of ____
A
  • Anterior compartment of forearm (via carpal tunnel) attach to MC
  • Lateral to the abductor
26
Q

Carpal tunnel

  • Bound by:
  • Surrounded by:
  • Contents:
A
  • Flexor retinaculum on anterior
  • Surrounded by distal carpal bones
  • Contents: 4 tendons FDS, FDP,
    Median nerve
27
Q

Origin of Lumbricals

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (Goes all the way to the distal phalange)

28
Q

Insertion of Lumbricals

A

Expanded extensor tendons (extensor aponeurosis) on proximal phalanges

29
Q

Innervation of Lumbricals

A

1st and 2nd median nerve, 3nd and 4th; ulnar nerve

30
Q

The interossei

  • Location?
  • Groups?
  • Passes?
  • Arrangement?
  • Action?
A
  • Deep lying muscles b/w metacarpals
  • Palmar and dorsal
  • All pass deep to transverse metacarpal ligaments and they attach to insertion
  • Abduct and adduct fingers about the midline
31
Q

Action of Lumbricals

A

Aid in extension of IP joint, aid in flexing of MP joint

32
Q

Palmar interossei

  • Primary function?
  • O, I N, Action
A
  • Adductors, works with lumbricals
  • 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
  • On to extensor tendons (proximal phalanges)
  • Ulnar nerve
  • Flex MP joints and extend IP joints
33
Q

Dorsal interossei primary function

A

abduct finger from midline (do not adduct)

34
Q

Dorsal interossei origin

A

Adjacent metacarpals

35
Q

Dorsal interossei insertion

A

1st - prox. phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd & 3rd - interossei attach to base of prox. phalanx of 3rd digit
4th - attaches to proximal phalanx of 4th digit and extensor tendon

36
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

primary flexors of MP joints

37
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis origin

A

Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

38
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis insertion

A

Radial side of proximal phalanx base

39
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis action

A

Abductor of thumb, flexion at MP joint

40
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis nerve

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

41
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis blood supply

A

Superficial palmar arch

42
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis action

A

Flexion of 1st digit

43
Q

Opponens pollicis origin (dorsum muscle)

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercule of trapezium and scaphoid

44
Q

Opponens pollicis insertion

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

45
Q

Opponens pollicis nerve

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

46
Q

Opponens pollicis action

A

Opposition of 1st digit (drawing the medially and rotating it medially)

47
Q

Abductor digiti minimi origin

A

Pisiform

48
Q

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

Ulnar aspect of base of prox. phalanx

49
Q

Abductor digiti minimi action

A

Abduction of 5th digit

50
Q

Abductor digiti minimi nerve

A

ulnar

51
Q

Opponens digiti minimi origin

A

Flexor retinaculum and hook and hanmate

52
Q

Opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

Ulnar border of 5th metacarpal shaft

53
Q

Opponens digiti minimi action

A

Opposition of little finger to thumb (cupping hand to firmly grasp tool)

54
Q

Opponens digiti minimi nerve

A

Ulnar nerve

55
Q

Palmaris brevis action/size

A
  • Small muscle

- Tenses skin of palm for gripping

56
Q

Palmaris brevis insertion

A

Skin on ulnar surface of hand

57
Q

Palmaris brevis innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

58
Q

Palmaris brevis action

A

Tenses skin of palm for gripping

KP 211 (9 decks)

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