The Hand Flashcards
What are the phalanges called?
Distal, middle, proximal
What are the metacarpals called?
Head, shaft, base
Distal row of carpal bones?
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hanmate
Proximal row of carpal bones?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Distal radioulnar joint classifcation? shape?
Movement?
Allows for?
Articulation?
- Pivot (L-shaped)
- Moves around the fixed distal end of the ulna
- Supination and pronation
- Head of ulna articulates with the ulnar notch on medial side of the distal end of the radius
- Vertical portion is interposed b/w distal ends of radius and ulna
- Transverse portion lies b/w distal end of ulna and it’s articular disk (binds the end of the radius and ulna together)
What muscles produces supination?
Radius and ulna? Within what ligament? What end of the radius rotates?
- Supinator (when there is no resistance) and by the biceps brachii (when resistance is present) (some assistance from EPL, ECRL)
- The head of the radius rotates within the anular ligament and the distal end of the radius rotates around the head of the ulna
What muscles produce pronation?
Primarily, secondarily, assistance?
- Pronator quadratus
- Pronator teres
- Assistance from EPL ECRL
- Brachioradialis when forearm is midpronated
Radiocarpal joint:
Classification?
Location?
Function?
- Condylar
- B/w articular surfaces of the radius and the large carpal bones of the proximal row
- Wrist flexion and extension
Purpose of ligaments?
- Reinforce joint capsule
Joint capsule
Layers?
- Envelope surrounding a synovial joint
- Outer fibrous layer or membrane
- Inner synovial layer/membrane
Radial collateral ligament location?
Between the styloid process of the radius and the tubercle on scaphoid
Ulnar collateral ligament location?
Between styloid process of ulna to nonarticular (soft tissue) part of medial surface of triquetrum and pisiform
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
location?
Obliquely medially from radius to all carpal bones of proximal row and capitate (distal row)
Palmar ulnocarpal ligament location?
From distal end of ulna to lunate and triquetrum
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament: location?
Attached to proximal carpal row
Carpal bones are bound by?
- Distal intercarpal joints are divided into and by?
- Small intercarpal ligaments (palmar and dorsal)
- Interossesous intercarpral ligaments (b/w intercarpal ligaments)
- Distal intercarpal joints divided into proximal and distal by interosseous membrane
Midcarpal joints:
- location of joint cavity?
- Allows?
- B/w carpal rows separates them
- Allows distal row to move freely on proximal row
Interosseous ligaments:
Location?
Prevents?
- B/w radiocarpal joint and proximal intercarpal joint
- Prevents communication b/w midcarpal joint and either radiocarpal or carpometacarpal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joint:
- Classification?
- Allows for?
- Collateral ligaments?
- Condylar
- Allows for flexion/extension and medial/lateral movement when extended
- Keeps them stabilized on either side, fan-like and cord-like
Palmar ligament -
Protects joints on palmar side
Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
Attach to palmar ligaments and connect heads of 4 metacarpals
Interphalangeal joints:
- Classification?
- Similar to?
- Prevents?
- Hinge (flexion/extension)
- MP joints
- Hyperextension
Palmar aponeurosis:
- Location (insertion, continuous with ___)
- Bridges center of the palm of the hand
- Receives insertion for palmaris longus
- Continuous with distal end of flexor retinaculum
Palmar fascia
- Palmar aponeurosis ____
- Location (medial/lateral to?)
- Forms the?
- Insertion?
- Contains?
- Medial and lateral side send septa to attach to 3rd and 5th metacarpal
- Medial to thenar muscles, lateral to the hypothenar ones
- Central palmar compartment
- Long flexor muscles, short muscles, arterial arches, branches of median and ulnar nerves
Midpalmar fascia space
- Continuous with ____
- Attaches to?
- Lateral (deep) to?
- Posterior wall is made up of ____
- Anterior compartment of forearm (via carpal tunnel) attach to MC
- Lateral to the abductor
Carpal tunnel
- Bound by:
- Surrounded by:
- Contents:
- Flexor retinaculum on anterior
- Surrounded by distal carpal bones
- Contents: 4 tendons FDS, FDP,
Median nerve
Origin of Lumbricals
Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (Goes all the way to the distal phalange)
Insertion of Lumbricals
Expanded extensor tendons (extensor aponeurosis) on proximal phalanges
Innervation of Lumbricals
1st and 2nd median nerve, 3nd and 4th; ulnar nerve
The interossei
- Location?
- Groups?
- Passes?
- Arrangement?
- Action?
- Deep lying muscles b/w metacarpals
- Palmar and dorsal
- All pass deep to transverse metacarpal ligaments and they attach to insertion
- Abduct and adduct fingers about the midline
Action of Lumbricals
Aid in extension of IP joint, aid in flexing of MP joint
Palmar interossei
- Primary function?
- O, I N, Action
- Adductors, works with lumbricals
- 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
- On to extensor tendons (proximal phalanges)
- Ulnar nerve
- Flex MP joints and extend IP joints
Dorsal interossei primary function
abduct finger from midline (do not adduct)
Dorsal interossei origin
Adjacent metacarpals
Dorsal interossei insertion
1st - prox. phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd & 3rd - interossei attach to base of prox. phalanx of 3rd digit
4th - attaches to proximal phalanx of 4th digit and extensor tendon
Dorsal interossei action
primary flexors of MP joints
Abductor pollicis brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
Abductor pollicis brevis insertion
Radial side of proximal phalanx base
Abductor pollicis brevis action
Abductor of thumb, flexion at MP joint
Flexor pollicis brevis nerve
Recurrent branch of median nerve
Flexor pollicis brevis blood supply
Superficial palmar arch
Flexor pollicis brevis action
Flexion of 1st digit
Opponens pollicis origin (dorsum muscle)
Flexor retinaculum and tubercule of trapezium and scaphoid
Opponens pollicis insertion
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Opponens pollicis nerve
Recurrent branch of median nerve
Opponens pollicis action
Opposition of 1st digit (drawing the medially and rotating it medially)
Abductor digiti minimi origin
Pisiform
Abductor digiti minimi insertion
Ulnar aspect of base of prox. phalanx
Abductor digiti minimi action
Abduction of 5th digit
Abductor digiti minimi nerve
ulnar
Opponens digiti minimi origin
Flexor retinaculum and hook and hanmate
Opponens digiti minimi insertion
Ulnar border of 5th metacarpal shaft
Opponens digiti minimi action
Opposition of little finger to thumb (cupping hand to firmly grasp tool)
Opponens digiti minimi nerve
Ulnar nerve
Palmaris brevis action/size
- Small muscle
- Tenses skin of palm for gripping
Palmaris brevis insertion
Skin on ulnar surface of hand
Palmaris brevis innervation
Ulnar nerve
Palmaris brevis action
Tenses skin of palm for gripping
