The Gut Microbiota in health and disease Flashcards
What are the different factors that affect gut microbiota
Diet Lifestage Environment Probiotics Antibiotics Prebiotic Faecal transplant Disease
Define dysbiosis
Imbalance of microbiota
How does Irritable bowel disease occur
Results from dysregulated host immune response to gut mircobiota
What happens to the bacterial diversity in patients with IBD
Reduced bacterial diversity
What factors if IBD could affect the microbiota
Antibiotic use Inflammation Diarrohea Hist diet Host genotype
What is the affect of antibiotics on microbiota
Reduces bacterial diversity and
cam increase Enterobacteriacae e as a result of bread spectrum antibiotic use
What affect does an inflamed gut have on microbiota
Reduces bacterial diversity and increase Enterobacteriacae
How does diarrhoea affect microbiota
Decreases transit time therefore alters microbial composition
How does your hosts diet affect microbiota
eating less fibre can change microbiota composition
What are ways to redress the dysbiosis and relive symptoms of IBD
Prebiotics - boost numbers of F.Prausnitizil
Increase enterobacteriacae
Induce more fibre into diet - boosts bacterial diversity
What is probiotics and what is their use
Live microorganism which improve health of the host
What is a prebiotic and its use
A substrate that is selective utilized by host micro-organism giving a health benefit
(basically food for resident bacteria)
What are the different mechanism of probiotics that improve hosts health
- Competition
- Bioconversions (diet)
- Production of vitamins
- Direct antagonism (pathogens)
- Competitive exclusion
- Barrier function
- Reduce inflammation
- Immune stimulation
What is the problems with probiotics
Not all probiotics act in the same way
- different species have different effects
Individual response varies - due to existing variation in microbiota
What is especially important in taking probiotics
Brand of probiotics and the species present
Name 3 selected probiotics
FOS and Insulin
GOS
Lactulose
What are some of the effects for probiotics
Improve gut function
Mnaage IBD
Reduce risk of colon cancer
Increase calcium absorption and be health
Lower glycaemic index (lower blood glucose rise after meals)
reduce food intake and fat mass
Increasers bifidobacteria numbers
What are the methods of indirect exposure to antibiotic
Eating animals that have been given antibiotics
What is the consequence of antibiotic exposure
Kill communal bacteria decreasing microbial diversity
increasing pathogen colonisation risk
Increased risk of C.diff
spread antibiotic resistance
When would faecal microbial transplantation occur
Patients with reoccurring C.diff infections
as donor microbiota repopulates large intestine and displaces c.diff
What are the ways faecal macrobiotic transplant can occur
Intestinal tube
colonoscopy
gastroscopy/enteroscopy
What is recommended for safety of FMT
donor properly screening for all known pathogens
What is the criteria for synthetic substitute in FMT
Sensitive to antimicrobials
easy to culture
representative to gut commensal bacteria
What is the range of diseases associated with changes in gut microbiota
IBS IBD Colorectal cancer Corona heart disease Obesity Diabetes C.diff diarrohea osteoporosis
What is a recommended for the reduced risk of coronary heart disease
β-glucan fibre found in oats/barley
What does probiotics also increase the uptake of
calsium
Increased consumption of Insulin or FOS lowers what
The glycemic index
What is recommended in reducing the risk of colon cancer
Increased Dietary fibre
Native chicory inulin (increases stool frequency)
