The Gs

Question 1

What is glycolysis? When is it used?

Answer 1

Makes pyruvate from glucose (and NAD+).

Lowers blood glucose

Question 2

What is glycogenesis? When is it used?

Answer 2

Stores glucose.
Glycogen is synthesized from glucose
(Lowers blood glucose)

Question 3

What is glycogenolysis? When is it used?

Answer 3

Breaks down glycogen into glucose

Question 4

What is gluconeogenesis? When is it used?

Answer 4

Creates glucose from a non-carbohydrate source of pyruvate

When carbohydrate intake is low (such as the fasting state).

Question 5

What is lipogenesis? When is it used?

Answer 5

Biosynthesis (building up) of FAs from Acetyl CoA.
Occurs in cytosol
Catalyzed by FA synthase
Occurs when dietary intake provides more nutrients than needed for energy.

Question 6

What is beta-oxidation? When is it used?

Answer 6

FAs are converted to Acetyl CoA.
Acyl CoA is oxidized in a repetitive sequence (4 reactions) until the whole FA is degraded.
Occurs in Mito Matrix

Question 7

What is FA activation?

Answer 7

The FA is converted into a high-energy derivative of CoA called Acyl CoA.

Acyl CoA is the activated FA and this is what enters Beta-oxidation.

Acyl CoA passes through mito membrane via carnitine shuttle into mito matrix

Acyl group transferred back to CoA

Question 8

What is transamination?

Answer 8

the transfer of the -NH2 (amino group) of an a-amino acid to an a-keto group.

AA loses it’s -NH2 to become a Keto acid
Keto acid gains -NH2 to become an AA

Question 9

What is oxidative Deamination?

Answer 9

The removal of the -NH2 group from glutamate in the form on ammonium ion (NH4+)

Occurs in liver & kidney mito