The Great Vowel Shift

Question 1

aɪ (rise)

Answer 1

1300 (ME): i:

1500 (GVS1): eɪ

1700 (GVS2): aɪ

Question 2

aʊ (mouth)

Answer 2

1300: u:

1500: əʊ

1700: aʊ

Question 3

i: (feet)

Answer 3

1300: e:

1500: i:

1700: i:

Question 4

u: (goose)

Answer 4

1300: o:

1500: u:

1700: u:

Question 5

i: (beam)

Answer 5

1300: ɛ:

1500: e:

1700: i:

Question 6

oʊ (stone)

Answer 6

1300: ɔ:

1500: o:

1700: oʊ

Question 7

eɪ (name)

Answer 7

1300: a:

1500: æ: / ɛ:

1700: e:

Question 8

foot-strut split

Answer 8

The FOOT–STRUT split is the split of Middle English short /u/ into two distinct phonemes: /ʊ/ (as in foot) and /ʌ/ (as in strut). The split occurs in most varieties of English, the most notable exceptions being most of Northern England and the English Midlands and some varieties of Hiberno-English.

The origin of the split is the unrounding of /ʊ/ in Early Modern English, resulting in the phoneme /ʌ/. Usually, unrounding to /ʌ/ did not occur if /ʊ/ was preceded by a labial consonant, such as /p/, /f/, /b/, or was followed by /l/, /ʃ/, or /tʃ/, leaving the modern /ʊ/. Because of the inconsistency of the split, put and putt became a minimal pair that were distinguished as /pʊt/ and /pʌt/. The first clear description of the split dates from 1644.

Question 9

/ʒ/

Answer 9

From important French loanwords

Question 10

Dropping of /g/ in <ng> clusters</ng>

Answer 10

At the end of the 16th century; emergence of /ŋ/

Question 11

Reduction of initial /wr/, /kn/, and /gn/

Answer 11

Write, gnat, knee; 16th/17th century

Question 12

Loss of post-vocalic /r/

Answer 12

in Southeastern England; late 18th century