The Great Depression & The New Deal, 1929-1939

Question 1

Causes of the Crash

Answer 1

1) Uneven distribution of income
2) Stock market speculation
3) Excessive use of credit
4) Overproduction of consumer goods
5) Weak farm economy
6) Government policies
7) Global economic policies

Question 2

Herbert Hoover’s Policies

Answer 2

1) Believed prosperity would return soon
2) Government assistance would destroy self-reliance
3) Tried to balance the budget
4) Americans believed in rugged individualism

Question 3

Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930

Answer 3

Highest in history

Question 4

New Deal Philosophy

Answer 4

1) Willing to experiment with political solutions

2) Poverty is an economic problem

Question 5

Brain Trust and Other Advisors

Answer 5

1) Group of university professors
2) Frances Perkins, first woman in cabinet
3) Harold Ickes and Harry Hopkins: advisors

Question 6

The First Hundred Days

Answer 6

Congress passed into law every request

Question 7

Bank Holiday

Answer 7

1) First action by FDR

2) President ordered the solvent banks closed

Question 8

Industrial Recovery Program

Answer 8

1) National Recovery Administration (NRA): fair wages and hours for labor (pro union)
2) Schechter v. United States: illegally regulated commerce

Question 9

Social Security Act

Answer 9

1) Federal insurance program
2) Monthly payments to retired persons over the age of 65
3) Suggested by Francis Townsend
4) Did not include national health insurance

Question 10

Huey Long

Answer 10

1) “Share Our Wealth” program

2) Annual income of $5000 paid by taxing the wealthy

Question 11

Supreme Court

Answer 11

Declaring programs as unconstitutional

Question 12

Court-Reorganization Plan

Answer 12

1) “Court-packing” bill

2) Add up to six more justices to the court

Question 13

Rise of Unions

Answer 13

1) National Industrial Recovery Act
2) Wagner Act
3) Legalizing labor unions
4) Union membership increased.

Question 14

Last Phase of the New Deal

Answer 14

1) WWII finally ended the depression

2) Expanded the federal government

Question 15

Keynesian Economics

Answer 15

Deficit spending was acceptable

Question 16

Life During the Depression for Women

Answer 16

Self importance increased

Question 17

Dust Bowl Farmers

Answer 17

1) “Okies” migrated westward to CA

2) John Steinbeck’s book “The Grapes of Wrath” (1939)

Question 18

African Americans

Answer 18

1) Scottsboro Case: incentive to move North

2) Began voting Democratic for the first time

Question 19

Mexican Americans

Answer 19

Joined labor unions