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NT Foundations > The Gospels > Flashcards

The Gospels Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the gospel that emphasizes the divinity of Jesus Christ and his unique relationship with God the Father. This gospel, written by one of Jesus’ disciples, presents a series of “I am” sayings by Jesus, highlighting his identity and mission. It contains symbolic narratives known as “signs” that reveal Jesus’ power and glory. Additionally, it includes lengthy discourses and intimate conversations between Jesus and his disciples, providing profound insights into the nature of God and the significance of faith.

A

John’s Gospel

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2
Q

Which gospel narrates the life and ministry of Jesus Christ with a particular focus on his actions and miracles? This gospel, written by an associate of the apostle Peter, presents Jesus as a powerful and authoritative figure, emphasizing his deeds rather than his words. It is characterized by its fast-paced narrative, vivid storytelling, and emphasis on Jesus’ role as the suffering Servant.
Shortest gospel

A

Mark’s Gospel

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3
Q

Identify the gospel that narrates the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, with particular attention to his compassion for the marginalized and his inclusive message. This gospel, written by a companion of the apostle Paul, traces Jesus’ genealogy, birth, ministry, teachings, miracles, death, and resurrection. It highlights Jesus’ interactions with women, children, and outcasts, emphasizing God’s love for all people. Additionally, it contains unique parables and stories not found in the other gospels.
Historical detail

A

Luke’s Gospel

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4
Q

Which gospel presents the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, emphasizing his role as the long-awaited Messiah? Written by one of Jesus’ disciples, this narrative traces Jesus’ genealogy, birth, ministry, teachings, miracles, death, and resurrection. It portrays Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, emphasizing his teachings on righteousness, the kingdom of heaven, and the inclusion of both Jews and Gentiles in God’s kingdom.

A

Matthew

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5
Q
  1. AD 70
A

– the second temple was destroyed by the Romans and the sacrificial offering ceased.

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6
Q
  1. Alexander the Great
A

Alexander the Great was an ancient Macedonian ruler and military genius who conquered the largest empire of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into Persia, before his death at the age of 32.

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7
Q
  1. Amanuensis:
A

A type of scribe who would record what someone was dictating.

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8
Q
  1. Apocalyptic:
A

From a Jewish perspective, apocalyptic thought often revolves around the concept of divine intervention and the ultimate triumph of good over evil

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9
Q
  1. Apocrypha:
A

generally refers to texts that are not considered part of the canonical scripture of a particular religious tradition

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10
Q
  1. Augustus:
A

first Roman emperor of the Roman empire and ruled during Pax Romana and ruled during Jesus’ birth.

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11
Q
  1. Claudius:
A

expels the Jews from Rome AD 49

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12
Q
  1. Critical Realism:
A

The lens to knowledge is that of a mirror with a dark tint caused by the gaps in our knowledge and the shading of our own location, and that part of our own reflection does indeed appear on the window, but truth can be seen, but never crisply or perfectly.

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13
Q
  1. Cynicism:
A

Antisthenes - the purpose of life is to achieve virtue in agreement with nature
Living simply and shamelessly free from social constraint

NTW - Cynicism was a type of uninhibited Stoicism, exulting in its anti-social critique.

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14
Q
  1. Diaspora:
A

The diaspora signifies the dispersion of a particular group of people from their homeland, such as the Jewish diaspora, characterized by migration and settlement in various regions worldwide.

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15
Q
  1. Epicureanism:
A

Epicurus - happiness as the ultimate goal of human life
modest, sustainable pleasure
freedom from fear
NTW - imitate the gods in their happy and carefree state.

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16
Q
  1. Essenes:
A

Known for their communal lifestyle, strict adherence to purity laws, eschatological beliefs

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17
Q
  1. Gnosticism:
A

a. ‘Gnosticism’ separates the god of creation from the God of redemption
b. the salvation of the soul through awakening to higher knowledge.

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18
Q
  1. Hasmoneans:
A

A Jewish dynasty that ruled Judea from the mid-2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE, known for their leadership during the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire and for establishing an independent Jewish state.

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19
Q
  1. Hellenism:
A

Hellenism refers to the culture, language, ideals, and traditions associated with ancient Greece and its influence on other cultures.

20
Q
  1. Herod Antipas:
A

A son of Herod the Great and ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BC to 39 AD, notorious for his role in the trial and execution of John the Baptist and for his encounters with Jesus of Nazareth as depicted in the New Testament.

21
Q
  1. Herod the Great:
A

Herod the Great was a Roman client king who ruled Judea from 37 to 4 BCE, known for his ambitious building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple

22
Q
  1. Herodians:
A

A political faction or group of supporters associated with the rule of the Herodian dynasty

23
Q
  1. Josephus:
A

A Jewish historian of the 1st century CE, offering important historical context for the period of Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity.

24
Q
  1. Maccabees:
A

The Maccabees were a Jewish rebel group led by Judah Maccabee and his brothers who revolted against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE

25
Q
  1. Nero:
A

Fifth Roman emperor, know for his brutal rule. Blamed the AD 64 fire on Christians.

26
Q
  1. Passover:
A

Remembrance of the Lord’s passing over the houses of the Israelites (Ex. 12:13) when the first born of all the Egyptians were destroyed.
The passing over of the Israelites by the angel of death during the 10th plague against the first born in Egypt

27
Q
  1. Pharisees:
A

The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish religious group during the Second Temple period known for their strict adherence to Jewish law, emphasis on oral tradition, belief in resurrection, divine judgment, and their counter to the temple aristocracy.

28
Q
  1. Philo:
A

A Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in the 1st century, known for his synthesis of Jewish theology and Greek philosophy, particularly Platonism and Stoicism.

29
Q
  1. Platonism:
A

According to Plato, there exist eternal, unchanging, and perfect Forms that transcend our physical world

Plato posits that a divine creator (often referred to as “God”) used these eternal Forms as a blueprint.

30
Q
  1. Pompey:
A

In 63 BC Pompey conquered Judea and then entered the Holy of Holies in the temple.

31
Q
  1. Pseudonymity:
A

Refers to the practice of attributing authorship of a text to someone other than the actual writer.

32
Q
  1. Ptolemies:
A

A dynasty of Macedonian Greek rulers who ruled Egypt from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE until the Roman conquest.

33
Q
  1. Q (Quelle):
A

Is a hypothetical document believed to be a collection of sayings of Jesus that were used as a source by the authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

34
Q
  1. Quest for the Historical Jesus:
A

to uncover the authentic life and teachings of Jesus distinct from later theological interpretations

35
Q
  1. Qumran:
A

The site of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Believed to be inhabited by the Essenes.

36
Q
  1. Sadducees:
A

A sect of Judaism during the Second Temple period, primarily composed of the priestly elite and aristocracy. They were known for their adherence to the written Torah and their disbelief in the resurrection.

37
Q
  1. Samaritans:
A

The Samaritans are a distinct religious and ethnic group originating from the region of Samaria, located between Judea and Galilee in ancient Israel.

38
Q
  1. Scribes:
A

Jewish temple scribes tasked with meticulously transcribing and preserving sacred texts, interpreting religious law, and aiding in the administration of temple affairs, embodying a pivotal role in the religious and cultural life of the community.

39
Q
  1. Seleucids:
A

The Seleucids were a Hellenistic dynasty after the death of Alexander the Great, conflicts with Ptolemies in Egypt and the Maccabees in Judea.

40
Q
  1. Septuagint (LXX):
A

The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible

41
Q
  1. Stoicism:
A

Stoics advocate acceptance of what cannot be changed

emphasizes the practice of virtue as the key to achieving a well-lived life.

The Stoics identified God with Nature

42
Q
  1. Synagogue:
A

Concept first developed after the north kingdom separated from Judah to give places of worship outside of the temple, but especially during the exile.

43
Q

Synoptic Problem:

A

The Synoptic Problem is a scholarly puzzle concerning the similarities and differences among the synoptic Gospels

44
Q

Torah:

A

The Torah is the central and foundational text of Judaism, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, which include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy,
Also known as the Pentateuch

45
Q

Zealots:

A

Known for their fierce opposition to Roman rule in Judea and their commitment to the liberation of the Jewish people

NT Foundations (5 decks)

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