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STAS MIDTERM > The Good Life > Flashcards

The Good Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the good life?

A
  • People have different ideas of what constitutes the good life.
  • Wrong pursuits may lead to tragic consequences.
  • Correct pursuits may lead to flourishing.
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2
Q

All human activities aim at some good. Every art and human inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has been rightly declared as that at which all things aim.

A

ARISTOTLE (NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 2:2)

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3
Q

Nicomachean Ethics and Modern Concepts

A

Eudaimonia- Eu-good, daimon- spirit= good life
Good life- happiness and virtue
Virtue- intellectual and mora

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4
Q

Eudaimonia

A
  • Eu-good, daimon- spirit= good life
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5
Q

Good life

A
  • happiness and virtue
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6
Q

Virtue

A
  • intellectual and mora
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7
Q

The 4 Pillar of the Good life

A
  1. Health
  2. Wealth
  3. Love
  4. Happiness
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8
Q

Golden Rule

A

Confucius: What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

Aristotle: We should behave to others as we wish others to behave to us.

Buddhism: Hurt not others with that which pains thyself.

Christianity: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

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9
Q

Who said this Golden Rule?
What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

A

Confucius

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10
Q

Who said this Golden Rule?
We should behave to others as we wish others to behave to us.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Who said this Golden Rule?
Hurt not others with that which pains thyself.

A

Buddhism

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12
Q

Who said this Golden Rule?
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

A

Christianity

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13
Q

King Solomon recognized the vanity of success:

A

“The eye is not
satisfied with seeing” (Ecclesiastes 1:8)

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14
Q

Happiness as the goal of good life (schools of thought)

A
  1. Materialism (Democritus & Leucippus)
  2. Stoicism (Epicurus)
  3. Hedonism
  4. Theism
  5. Humanism
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15
Q

o The world is made up of indivisible units (atoms) that form everything randomly
o Materialism emphasizes physical substances as the core of existence, with no afterlife
o Happiness comes from material wealth.
o Ancient Greece – first materialist
* Classification of Materialism: Naïve materialism,
Dialectical materialism, Metaphysical materialism

A

Materialism (Democritus & Leucippus)

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16
Q

Classification of Materialism:

A
  1. Naïve materialism
  2. Dialectical materialism
  3. Metaphysical materialism
17
Q

o Happiness is found in accepting the moment without being controlled by desires or fears.
o Apathea (indifference) helps achieve happiness by
recognizing what’s beyond control

A

Stoicism (Epicurus)

18
Q

– happiness is attained by a careful practice of
apathy. We should adopt the fact that some things are not within our control. The sooner we realize this, the happier we can become. To generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic

A

Stoics

19
Q

o argues that the pursuit of pleasure and intrinsic goods are the primary or most important goals of human life.
o end goal in life is acquiring pleasure. Life is about obtaining and Indulging In pleasure because life Is limited.
o Their mantra: “ eat, drink, and be merry because tomorrow we die.”

A

Hedonism

20
Q

Strives to maximize net pleasure (pleasure minus
pain) but when having finally gained that pleasure,
happiness remains stationary

A

Hedonist

21
Q

o Happiness is communion with God (Monotheism:
Christianity, Judaism, Islam, etc.)
o Supreme Being or Deities are the foundation of happiness

A

Theism

22
Q

o A school of thought espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls.
o Is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively.
o Refers to nontheistic life stance centered on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world.
o inspired by the age of enlightenment

A

Humanism

23
Q
  • see themselves as individuals who are in
    control of themselves and the world outside them. This is the spirit of most scientists who thought that the world is a place and space for freely unearthing the world in seeking ways on how to improve the lives of its inhabitants.
A

Humanists

24
Q
  • French philosopher
  • Holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways.
  • Technological optimism believes that technology is the answer to all man’s problems.
A

Jacques Ellul (1912 - 1994)

25
Q

According to Ellul’s pessimistic arguments are:

A

➢ technological progress has a price
➢ technological progress creates more problems
➢ technological progress creates damaging effects
➢ technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects

26
Q

The belief that technology can continually be improved and can Improve the lives of people, making the world a better place. If you are a techno-optimist, you think technology has consistently improved our lives for the better and is likely to do so in the future.
In considering societal problems, you think that the solution lies in technological Innovation

A

Technological Optimism

27
Q
  • The main concern of this view is the existence of someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity.
  • This view basically investigate the meaning of existence or being and is always faced with the selection must make with which the
    existent will commit himself to.
  • Martin Heidegger, a philosopher is one of the most known supporters of this philosophy.
  • The Question Concerning Technology is a work by Martin Heidegger, in which the author discusses the essence of technology
A

Existentialism

28
Q

Martin Heidegger (1889-1976 different modes of revealing:

A

o Physis - the arising of something from out of itself, naturally.
o Poiesis - the bringing forth into presence by another , art or
craft.
o Techne - the activities, skills and knowledge of the
craftsman or artist. It opens something up

29
Q
  • the arising of something from out of itself, naturally.
A

Physis

30
Q
  • the bringing forth into presence by another , art or
    craft
A

Poiesis

31
Q
  • the activities, skills and knowledge of the
    craftsman or artist. It opens something up
A

Techne

32
Q

Heidegger’s analysis of technology in The Question Concerning Technology consists of three main ‘claims’:

A

o technology is “not an instrument”, it is a way of
understanding the world
o technology is “not a human activity”, but develops beyond human control
o technology is “the highest danger”, risking us to only see the world through technological thinking.

33
Q

− means obedience and submission.

A

Piety

34
Q
  • Modern technology is a new kind of revealing that Heidegger calls challenging “ which puts to nature the unreasonable demand that it supply energy which can be extracted and stored as such.
A

Modern technology : new kind of revealing

35
Q
  • energy concealed in nature is unlocked, what is unlocked is transformed,
  • what is transformed is stored up, what is stored up is in turn distributed,
  • what is distributed is switched about ever anew.
  • As an example, he gives the hydroelectric plant, which isolates a river and transforms it into a power source.
A

Modern technology makes nature seem like it is at our command

36
Q
  • Modern technology let’s us isolate nature and treat it as a “standing reserve” [Bestand]—that is, a resource to be stored for later utility.
A

Modern technology makes everything simply stand there for us waiting for us to use it

37
Q
  • We seek to control or master technology.
  • The will to master becomes all the more urgent the more technology threatens to slip from human control.
  • Solution: WE NEED TO HAVE A FREE RELATION TO
    TECHNOLOGY.
A

Danger of Modern Technology

STAS MIDTERM (5 decks)

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