The Glorious revolution Flashcards
Which king died in 1688 and why was this a problem ?
King Charles ll had died in 1685 without a legitimate male heir
Who succeeded King Charles ll and what did he seek ?
- His brother King James Vll in Scotland and the ll in England.
- James was openly catholic and sought to introduce greater tolerance for Catholicism in both Scotland and England
How were fears of a restoration of Catholicism allayed ?
James’ heir was his daughter Mary, who was a Protestant and her husband, William of Orange was also a Protestant
Who was born in 10 May 1688 and why was this a problem ?
James’ second wife, Mary of Modena had a baby boy ( James Edward Stuart), who replaced Mary as heir to throne
- He was to be raised Catholic and so there was the possibility that Catholicism was to be restored
What happened in Parliament on 30 June 1688?
- Seven peers write to William of Orange and pledged their support if he brought a force against James
- William was too pleased with this since he had already been planning an invasion and wanted to bring England into his war against France
What happened after William of Orange landed in Torbay on 5 November 1688?
He had brought considerable forces with him as James had intended to fight back but his army was riddled with desertions
- james’ daughter, Princess Anne and her husband defeated to William of Orange’s side
-after several attempts, James fled the country to Catholic France on the 23 December
When did parliament convene in London ?
22 January 1689 and interpreted James’ flight as an abdication of the throne
- they ruled William and Mary would rule England as join monarchs
What did the new monarchs have to agree to ?
The bill of rights which limited the powers of the monarch and forbade taxation without the assent of parliament. William and Mary accepted the English throne on 13 February 1689
When did convention parliament convene in Edinburgh ?
14 March 1689 and two days later, received a letter from James and William, asking for the Scottish throne
Difference between letters of James and William
The former’s contained veiled threats and vague promises, whilst the letter was moderate and conciliatory
What did the debate agree to ?
On 4 April 1689, Scottish parliament voted to deprive James of the crown and made no pretence that he had abdicated
What did the ‘Claim of right’ state?
That James had forfeited his crown due to his behaviour and the implication was that the monarchy was contractual and that the Scottish parliament, i.e. the people of Scotland, was sovereign
What was the condition for William and Mary to accept the crown in Scotland ?
That they accept the Claim of right and overturn the abuses of the previous king
They also had to accept the articles of grievance which aimed to be the monarch’s control over what could be discussed in parliament completely free
Who organised the first Jacobite rising ?
John Graham, the viscount of claverhouse
What was the battle of Killiecrankie ?
The Jacobites won their first victory on 27 July 1689, however, this was seen as a moot victory since Claverhouse, their leader, was killed
