Economic problems, international trade and navigation acts Flashcards
Since when did England and Scotland share a monarch
1603
When did England introduce Navigation acts
1660-70s
What did the navigation acts state ?
- Scottish merchants could only sell Scottish produce to England
- goods and produce that were being brought in to England could only be done so in English ships or in ships from the country that was trading with England
What did Navigation acts prevent Scottish merchants from doing?
Trading with England’s colonies in North America
What did Scots in North American colonies do ?
-Scots in Boston, Philadelphia, New York, New England traded sugar and tobacco in southern colonies and in the Caribbean.
- They also traded with English rivals such as Holland, France and Denmark
What did the method of ‘tramping’ , which was brought from Baltic trade, involve ?
Transferring goods between several ships and different ports.
Forging documentations or illegal trade by their ships and bribed officials
What words did Historian Micheal Lynch use to describe the General economic downturn with Scotland ?
“A serious economic crisis” — this coincided with the navigation acts
What happened during the last third of the 17th Century ?
A little ice age which consisted of severe weather if the previous 10,000 years
What did the disastrous weather do to Scotland ?
This proved Scottish farming to be disastrous
What happened during the Ill years and when was it ?
Between 1695-99, the famine-related deaths lead to an increase in emigration to Ulster and the Scottish population fell by 15%.
- 5% of the population starved to death overall, with greater proportions in localities such as Aberdeenshire
- at this time 200,000 beggars existed in Scotland at this time
What was Scotland’s economy suffering from ?
Debt. This is because wealthier Scots acquired more debts because they bought luxury items such as paintings, sculptures, mirrors, clocks, etc.
- one quarter of all landed estates were sold between 1660-70 as a result of bankruptcy
What did Scotland not have access to ? and what shortage did this lead to?
Scotland had no access to gold or silver which led to a shortage of coined money
How did Scottish trade suffer from Glorious revolution?
- King William prohibited Scottish export of wool and fish to France after 1689 due to war of the Spanish succession
- higher tariffs onto goods they were exporting
- during 1690s English custom duties increased due to more necessary avenue because of the huge costs of the war of the Spanish succession
What did Historian T.M. Divine argue ?
William’s wars with France were having serious effects on Scottish commerce
