The global impact of HIV Flashcards
How many individuals are infected with HIV worldwide?
40 million
What are the major problems encountered in Africa with HIV?
high rates of co-infection with TB
MTCT
limited access to antiretroviral therapy
What public health/wider concerns are there with HIV?
depleted workforce/workforce needed to care for them orphans marginalised groups and stigma cost hospital services national budget gender inequality TB loss of income carers
What percentage of HIV is in sub-saharan africa?
66%
Who is at most risk of HIV globally?
heterosexual women
Who is at most risk of HIV in the UK?
MSM
What are the three stages of the HIV epidemic?
Nascent
concentrated
generalised
What age group is most affected by HIV worldwide?
15-24 year olds
What were the UNAIDS targets for 2015?
- reduce sexual transmission by 50%
- reduce transmission by 50% among IVDUs
- Eliminate new HIV infections among children and reduce AIDS related maternal deaths
- reach 15mln people on antiretrovirals
- reduce TB deaths in people with HIV by 50%
by what percentage does condom use reduce HIV transmission?
80%
List ways to reduce sexual transmission of HIV
condoms
male circumcision
microbicidal gel
vaginal ring
List ways why circumcision works for HIV?
- keratinisation - so HIV cannot penetrate into the mucosa
- inner part of foreskin contains Langerhans cells which are prime targets for HIV
- ulcers occur on the foreskin
- foreskin may suffer inflammation or abrasions during sex,
What is the problem with vaginal rings and condoms?
people don’t use them
How can HIV spread by IVDUs be reduced?
needle exchange programmes
removal of compulsory drug detention centrea
What percentage decrease in the risk of transmission of HIV to a HIV - partner is there when the HIV + partner is on HAART?
96%
