Clinical features of HIV/AIDS Flashcards
what are the 3 stages of HIV infection?
acute primary infection
asymptomatic phase
AIDS
What two markers are used to monitor HIV infection?
CD4+ cell count/ µl
HIV viral load (RNA copies/ml)
What lab technique is used to monitor HIV?
PCR
Who are the rapid progressors to AIDS?
elderly
children
high viral load
List the AIDS defining conditions?
Candidiasis extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis cryptosporidiosis CMV TB toxoplasmosis HSV for more than 1 month pneumocystis jiroveci/carinii recurrent bacterial pneumonia invasive cervical carcinoma Kaposi's carcinoma non-hodgkin's lumphoma HIV dementia/encephalopathy HIV associated wasting
What are the symptoms of seroconversion illness?
sore throat with no tonsillar enlargement sweats diarrhoea headache myalgia hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy rash on palms mouth ulcers weight loss lethargy aseptic meningitis
At what time do people become Ab positive?
4-10 weeks
When is the viral load set point reached?
3-6 months
What is PGL?
persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
enlarged lymph nodes involving at least 2 non-contiguous sites other than inguinal lymph nodes
How does Pneumocystis jiroveci present?
gradually increasing breathlessness (not sudden onset) dry cough fever oral candida oxygen sats drop after walking
What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia?
increasing breathlessness productive cough - green sputum fever and rigors hypoxic - low blood sats tachypnoeic bronchial breathing dull percussion
What are the symptoms of TB?
weight loss
night sweats
productive cough -green sputum
haemoptysis
Where in the lungs does TB infect mainly?
upper lobe
List three common resp diseases in HIV
- bacterial (pneumococcal) pneumonia
- TB
- pneumocystis jiroveci penumonia
What are the symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis?
headache one-sided weakness personality change painful eye and visual disturbance seizures one-sided weakness
what drugs are used to treat cerebral toxoplasmosis?
sulphadiazine
pyrimethamine
folinic acid
What are the main symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis?
increasing headache
fever
What drugs are used to treat cryptococcal meningitis?
amphotericin B
flucytosine
What are the common CNS problems?
cerebral toxoplasmosis primary CNS lymphoma tuberculoma cryptococcal/tuberculous/ pneumococcal meningitis opthalmic lesions - CMV, toxoplasmosis, choroidal tuberculosis
What are the three AIDS defining neoplasms?
- lymphoma
- cervical neoplasia
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
HIV is an entirely manageable condition with a good prognosis with current HAART regimens true or false?
T
What are the common bacteria that infect HIV pts to cause lung infection?
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Mycobacterium kansaii
What are the common fungi that infect the lungs of HIV pts?
Pneumocystis jiroveci Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Aspergillus sp. Penicillium marneffei
What are the common parasite to cause lung infection in HIV pts?
Toxoplasma gondii
Strongyloides stercoralis
