Clinical features of HIV/AIDS

Question 1

what are the 3 stages of HIV infection?

Answer 1

acute primary infection
asymptomatic phase
AIDS

Question 2

What two markers are used to monitor HIV infection?

Answer 2

CD4+ cell count/ µl

HIV viral load (RNA copies/ml)

Question 3

What lab technique is used to monitor HIV?

Answer 3

PCR

Question 4

Who are the rapid progressors to AIDS?

Answer 4

elderly
children
high viral load

Question 5

List the AIDS defining conditions?

Answer 5

Candidiasis 
extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis
cryptosporidiosis
CMV
TB
toxoplasmosis
HSV for more than 1 month
pneumocystis jiroveci/carinii
recurrent bacterial pneumonia
invasive cervical carcinoma
Kaposi's carcinoma
non-hodgkin's lumphoma
HIV dementia/encephalopathy 
HIV associated wasting

Question 6

What are the symptoms of seroconversion illness?

Answer 6

sore throat with no tonsillar enlargement
sweats 
diarrhoea
headache
myalgia
hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
rash on palms
mouth ulcers 
weight loss
lethargy
aseptic meningitis

Question 7

At what time do people become Ab positive?

Answer 7

4-10 weeks

Question 8

When is the viral load set point reached?

Answer 8

3-6 months

Question 9

What is PGL?

Answer 9

persistent generalised lymphadenopathy

enlarged lymph nodes involving at least 2 non-contiguous sites other than inguinal lymph nodes

Question 10

How does Pneumocystis jiroveci present?

Answer 10

gradually increasing breathlessness (not sudden onset)
dry cough 
fever 
oral candida
oxygen sats drop after walking

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 11

increasing breathlessness
productive cough - green sputum
fever and rigors
hypoxic - low blood sats
tachypnoeic 
bronchial breathing 
dull percussion

Question 12

What are the symptoms of TB?

Answer 12

weight loss
night sweats
productive cough -green sputum
haemoptysis

Question 13

Where in the lungs does TB infect mainly?

Answer 13

upper lobe

Question 14

List three common resp diseases in HIV

Answer 14

1. bacterial (pneumococcal) pneumonia
2. TB
3. pneumocystis jiroveci penumonia

Question 15

What are the symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis?

Answer 15

headache
one-sided weakness
personality change
painful eye and visual disturbance 
seizures
one-sided weakness

Question 16

what drugs are used to treat cerebral toxoplasmosis?

Answer 16

sulphadiazine
pyrimethamine
folinic acid

Question 17

What are the main symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 17

increasing headache

fever

Question 18

What drugs are used to treat cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 18

amphotericin B

flucytosine

Question 19

What are the common CNS problems?

Answer 19

cerebral toxoplasmosis
primary CNS lymphoma
tuberculoma
cryptococcal/tuberculous/
pneumococcal meningitis
opthalmic lesions - CMV, toxoplasmosis, choroidal tuberculosis

Question 20

What are the three AIDS defining neoplasms?

Answer 20

1. lymphoma
2. cervical neoplasia
3. Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 21

HIV is an entirely manageable condition with a good prognosis with current HAART regimens true or false?

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What are the common bacteria that infect HIV pts to cause lung infection?

Answer 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Mycobacterium kansaii

Question 23

What are the common fungi that infect the lungs of HIV pts?

Answer 23

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cryptococcus neoformans 
Histoplasma capsulatum
Aspergillus sp.
Penicillium marneffei

Question 24

What are the common parasite to cause lung infection in HIV pts?

Answer 24

Toxoplasma gondii

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 25

What are the common viruses to infect the lungs of HIV pts?

Answer 25

Cytomegalovirus

Adenovirus

Question 26

Give examples of non-infectious lung conditions caused by AIDS

Answer 26

Kaposi's sarcoma
Hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma
Lung cancer 
emphysema
pulmonary hypertension