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GU-Kidney/Male > The Genitourinary Conditions > Flashcards

The Genitourinary Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What anatomy is affected by Hematuria?

A

(1) Kidneys
(2) Ureters
(3) Bladder
(4) Urethra

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2
Q

Hematuria is defined as what?

A

The presence of blood in the urine

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3
Q

Gross hematuria is visible to what?

A

Visible to the naked eye

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4
Q

Microscopic hematuria is detectible by what method? Only detectible by examination of the urine sediment by
microscopy, or urinalysis

A

Only detectible by examination of the urine sediment by
microscopy, or urinalysis

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5
Q

In patients with gross or microscopic hematuria, what other diseases can be identified ?

What are their percentages?

A

An upper urinary tract source (kidneys and ureters) can be identified in 10% of patients
Stone disease accounts for 40%,
Medical kidney disease for 20%,
Renal cell carcinoma for 10%,
Urothelial cell carcinoma of the ureter or renal pelvis for 5%

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6
Q

The lower tract source (bladder and urethra) of gross hematuria (in the absence of
infection) is most commonly from what?

A

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

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7
Q

Microscopic hematuria in the male is most commonly from what?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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8
Q

Define initial hematuria?

A

The presence of blood at the beginning of the urinary stream that
clears during the stream, implies an anterior (penile) urethral source.

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9
Q

Define Terminal hematuria?

A

The presence of blood at the end of the urinary stream,
implies a bladder neck or prostatic urethral source.

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10
Q

Define total hematuria.

A

The presence of blood throughout the urinary stream, implies a
bladder or upper tract source

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11
Q

Hematuria associated with renal colic suggests what?

A

Ureteral stone.

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12
Q

Irritative voiding symptoms in a young woman may suggest what?

A

Acute bacterial infection and associated cystitis.

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13
Q

In the absence of other symptoms, gross hematuria may be more indicative of what?

A

Tumor

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14
Q

Irritative voiding symptoms, bacteriuria, and a positive urine culture in the female suggest what?

A

Urinary Tract Infection

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15
Q

What labs are you looking for when dealing with a patient with Hematuria?

A
  1. Urinalysis
  2. Urine Culture
  3. BUN and Creatinine
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16
Q

What imaging are you going to order for a patient with hematuria?

A

(1) CT scan of the upper tract without contrast

(2) Cystoscopy

17
Q

A CT scan of the upper tract w/out contrast has been ordered for your patient with hematuria, what are you evaluating for with this CT scan?

A

1) Neoplasm of the kidney or ureter
2) Urolithiasis
3) Obstructive uropathy
4) Intrinsic kidney disease

18
Q

What is indicated in patients with gross hematuria or those over 35 years with asymptomatic
hematuria?

A

Cystoscopy

19
Q

Cystoscopy in patients with gross hematuria, or those over 35 years w/ asymptomatic hematuria is evaluating for what?

A

1) Bladder or urethral neoplasm
2) Benign prostatic enlargement
3) Radiation or chemical cystitis

20
Q

Treatment of a patient with gross hematuria will be dependent on what?

A

The underlying disease process

21
Q

Urinary Tract Infections can affect which parts of the body’s anatomy?

A

(1) Kidneys
(2) Ureters
(3) Bladder
(4) Urethra
(5) Prosthetic Urethra in males
(6) Prostate
(7) Testicle
(8) Epididymis
(9) Urethral Opening

22
Q

What are among the most common entities encountered in medical
practice?

A

Urinary tract infections

23
Q

What bacteria are responsible for most Urinary Tract Infections?

A

Coliform bacteria are responsible for most.

24
Q

Of the coliform bacteria, what is the most common for causing Urinary Tract Infections?

A

Escherichia coli- being the most common

25
Q

What is the most common route for urinary tract infection?

A

Ascending infection from the urethra

26
Q

What kind of spread to the urinary tract is uncommon?

A

Hematogenous spread

27
Q

What kind of spread to the urinary tract is rare?

A

Lymphatic spread

28
Q

Define Acute Cystitis

A

Definition: Infection of the bladder.

29
Q

Acute cystitis is most commonly due to what bacteria?

A

Coliform Bacteria
E coli, gram positive bacteria (enterococci)

30
Q

What is the route of infection for acute cystitis?

A

The route of infection is typically ascending from the urethra.

31
Q

Uncomplicated cystitis in men is rare and implies a pathologic process such as what?

A

Infected stones, prostatitis, or chronic urinary retention requiring further investigation.

32
Q

List some signs and symptoms of a patient with acute cystitis.

A

(a) Irritative voiding symptoms
(b) Suprapubic discomfort
(c) Women may experience hematuria and symptoms often appear following sexual
intercourse
(d) Usually afebrile
(e) P.E. may elicit suprapubic tenderness with palpation

33
Q

What are irritative voiding symptoms?

A

Frequency
Urgency
Dysuria

GU-Kidney/Male (4 decks)

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