The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum and are they intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

1. First, superior or bulb- the only portion that is intraperitoneal
2. 2nd or descending- retro
3. 3rd or transverse- retro
4. 4th or ascending- retro

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the small bowel?

Answer 2

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 3

What is the longest portion of small bowel?

Answer 3

Ileum

Question 4

What are the portions of the large bowel?

Answer 4

Cecum, colon, sigmoid, rectum

Question 5

Which portion of the large bowel is intraperitoneal?

Answer 5

Transverse colon

Question 6

What are the 4 layers of large bowel?

Answer 6

1. Mucosa- epithelial lining, inner most layer
2. Submucosa- vessels, nourishment and transport
3. Muscularis- muscle, responsible for movement
4. Serosa- outer layer

Question 7

What is the gut signature

Answer 7

Sonographic appearance:
Lumen- hyperechoic
Mucosa- hypoechoic
Submucosa- hyperechoic
Muscularis- hypoechoic
Serosa- hyperechoic

Question 8

What contain rugae, valvulae conniventes, and haustra?

Answer 8

Rugae- stomach
Valvulae- small bowel
Haustra- large bowel

Question 9

What is normal wall thickness?

Answer 9

Distended- 3mm
Non-distended- 5mm

Question 10

What does symmetric and asymmetric thickening indicate?

Answer 10

Symmetric- inflammation
Asymmetric- malignancy