Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CELL BIO EXAM 4 > The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel For The Trip > Flashcards

The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel For The Trip Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The digestive tract, often called the alimentary tract or canal, is a ?

A

Muscular tube that contains the organs of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The accessory organs of the digestive system include?

A

Teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the gastrointestinal tract?

A
  1. Ingestion- food enters the mouth
  2. Mastication (chewing)- mechanically grinding food with the teeth and tongue
  3. Digestion- the chemical act of breaking down food into small molecules
  4. Secretions- release of acids, buffers, enzymes, and water to aid in the breakdown of food
  5. Absorption- food passes through lining of digestive tract into blood
  6. Excretion or defecation- elimination of waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The oral cavity is the?

A

Opening behind the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The hard and soft palate is the?

A

Roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The tongue is the ?

A

Floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The cheeks are the?

A

Walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The uvula aids in ?

A

Swallowing, directing food toward the pharynx and blocking food from entering your nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The mouth receives, tastes,______?

A

Mechanically breaks down, and begins starch digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Your tongue provides taste stimuli to your brain to ?

A

Determine temperature, and manipulates food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The salivary glands produces ?

A

1-1.5 liters of saliva daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saliva is 99.4% water, and contains?

A

Antibodies, buffers, ions, waste products, and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Incisors are located at the front of the mouth, are ?

A

Blade-shaped, and are used to cut food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Canine teeth are for?

A

Hold, tearing, or slashing food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bicuspids, or premolars, are?

A

Transitional teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Molars have ?

A

Flattened tops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Both bicuspids and molars are responsible for?

A

Crushing and grinding food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epithelial cells form a tight seal around the tooth to prevent ?

A

Bacteria from coming into contact with the tooth’s root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The nasopharynx is primarily part of the?

A

Respiratory system, blocked by the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The oropharynx and laryngopharynx act as a ?

A

Passageway for food, water, and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent food from?

A

Entering the lungs, forcing food into the opening for the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mucous cells generate a thick layer of mucus shielding the stomach from?

A

The effects of the stomach

24
Q

The stomachs activity is controlled by the?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (vagus nerve)

25
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation increases the?

A

Motility and secretory rates of the gastric glands

26
Q

What is the 3 phases of gastric juice production?

A

Cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase

27
Q

Sensory stimulation stimulates parasympathetic nerves via the medulla oblongata, stimulating gastric gland in which phase?

A

Cephalic phase

28
Q

Gastric juices are secreted as food enters the stomach and distends the walls, which signals the stomach to secrete more gastric fluid in which phase?

A

Gastric phase

29
Q

Chyme enters the small intestine , which then releases hormones to slow down peristalsis in the stomach to help regulate the movement of chyme into the small intestine in which phase?

A

Intestinal phase

30
Q

Eighty percent of the absorption of usable nutrients occurs when chyme comes in contact with?

A

The mucosal walls

31
Q

The remaining 20% is absorbed in?

A

The stomach

32
Q

Any residue that is not utilized in the small intestine is sent to?

A

the large intestine for removal from the body

33
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum

34
Q

Finger-like protrusions into the lumen called?

A

Villi

35
Q

Each villus contains a network of capillaries and a lymphatic capillary called?

A

A lacteal

36
Q

The functions of the large intestine are?

A
  1. Water absorption
  2. Absorption of vitamins produced by the normal bacteria in your large intestine
  3. Packaging/compacting waste products for elimination from the body
37
Q

There are no villi in the large intestine so ?

A

little nutrient absorption occurs here

38
Q

The salts found in bile act like a detergent, breaking fat up into tiny droplets. This process called?

A

mulsification, makes the work of digestive enzymes easier so you can better absorb lipids.

39
Q

The general digestive enzymes of the pancreas include?

A

— Carbohydrates – works on sugars and starches
— Lipase – works on lipids
— Protease – breaks down proteins
— Nuclease – breaks down nucleic acids

40
Q

Peptic ulcer disease can affect the lining of ?

A

the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

41
Q

Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria implicated in many ulcers. It opens a wound in the lining of the intestine which is?

A

made worse by exposure to digestive juices and stomach acids.

42
Q

The digestive tract is a hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus. It utilizes a variety of accessory organs that ?

A

allow the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients necessary for life

43
Q

Food is processed mechanically and chemically to?

A

efficiently break it down to usable substances.

44
Q

The bulk of the digestive process and the absorption of most nutrients occur in?

A

The small intestine

45
Q

the accessory organs (liver, gallbladder, and pancreas) are needed for?

A

proper and efficient functioning of the digestive process

46
Q

The rate of speed that food travels through the gastrointestinal system affects the ?

A

acidity of the digested food, the absorption of nutrients, and the quality of the feces

47
Q

Diseases of the gastrointestinal system can be a result of heredity, the type and ?

A

amount of food consumed, substance abuse, or emotions.

48
Q

The chewing action of food is called?

A

Mastication

49
Q

The uvula, tongue, and pharynx are parts of the?

A

—Digestive system
—Oral cavity
—Alimentary canal

50
Q

A ball-like mass of food formed in the mouth is called?

A

Bolus

51
Q

Saliva contains the?

A

—Water and antibodies
—Buffers and ions
—Waste products and enzymes

52
Q

This part of the alimentary canal neither digests nor absorbs?

A

Esophagus

53
Q

Rhythmic muscular contraction in the digestive system is called?

A

Peristalsis

54
Q

The digestive tube from the pharynx to the stomach is the?

A

Esophagus

55
Q

Rugae are?

A

Folds in the stomach

56
Q

The cecum, colon, and rectum are parts of?

A

Large intestine

57
Q

The organ that stores and secretes bile is the?

A

Gallbladder

CELL BIO EXAM 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions