The Fundamental Unit of Life 5 long answers

Question 1

What are Lysosomes ?

Answer 1

lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes. These enzymes are made by RER. Lysosomes are a waste disposal system of the cell. This help to keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. Foreign materials entering the cell, such as food, as well as old organelles end up in the lysosomes, which break complex substances into simpler substances. They are able to do this because they contain powerful digestive enzymes capable of breaking down organic
material. During the disturbance in cellular metabolism, for example, when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. Therefore, they are also known as the ‘suicide bags’
of a cell.

Question 2

what is a Mitochondria ?

Answer 2

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. Mitochondria have two membrane coverings. The outer membrane is porous while the inner membrane is deeply folded. These folds increase surface area for Adenosine triphosphate generating chemical reactions. The energy used for various chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of Adenosine triphosphate molecules. Adenosine triphosphate is known as the energy currency of the cell. The body uses energy stored in Adenosine triphosphate for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work. Mitochondria are strange organelles in the sense that they have their own DNA and ribosomes. Therefore, mitochondria are able
to make some of their own proteins.

Question 3

What is Mitosis

Answer 3

The process of cell division by which most of the cells divide for growth is called mitosis. In this process, each
cell called mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as mother cell. It helps in growth and repair of tissues in organisms.