The fundamental ideas in chemistry Flashcards
What are substances made up of?
Atoms
What are atoms?
Very small particles
What is the nucleus in a atom made up of?
Protons
Neutrons
What orbits a nucleus?
Electrons
What is a substance called that contains only one atom?
Element
How many different types of elements are there?
About 100
All group 1 elements in the periodic table do what?
> React vigorously with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas
React rapidly with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Group 0 elements in the periodic table are called…?
Noble Gases
Why are group 0 called noble gases?
They are unreactive elements because their atoms have full outer shells of electrons.
Why are noble gases unstable?
Their atoms have full outer shells of electrons.
Atoms of noble gases have how many electrons?
8 in their outer shell except helium which has 2
What is a electron?
A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus
What is a proton?
A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of a atom which has no charge
What is a protons relative charge?
+1
What is a neutrons relative charge?
0
What is an electrons relative charge?
-1
Atoms have no overall charge because…?
Because they contain an equal number of protons and elections.
All atoms with the same number of elements are made up of ….. ?
A particular element
All atoms made up of different numbers of protons are made up of…?
Different elements
The number of protons in an atom is called it’s ….?
Atomic number
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is its…..?
Mass number
The number of neutrons in an atom is calculated by:
Mass number - atomic number
Atoms in an atom occupy the lowest available…?
Energy level (the innermost available shelf)
