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the french revolution and napoleons empire Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the old regime?

A

a system which gave every person an economical status at birth, divided into three estates

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2
Q

who was in the first estate?

A

1% of the population, the clergy of the church
- provided education and relief services

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3
Q

who was in the second estate?

A

2% of the population, the rich nobles
- held 20% of the land

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4
Q

who was in the third estate?

A

97% of the population, consisted of merchants, workers, and peasants

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5
Q

what was the bourgeoisie?

A

a middle class, people that were well off, but enough to be in the first or second estate

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6
Q

what were the economic problems before the revolution?

A

too many taxes, weather ruining crops, inflation, king and queen spending the money

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7
Q

what were problems about louis xvi?

A

a lazy king who allowed matters to drift and was indecisive, did not benefit the economy or government

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8
Q

what was the estates general?

A

a meeting of all three estates
- each estate had one vote

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9
Q

why did the third estate dislike the estates general?

A

the two votes of the other estates always outvoted the third estate

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10
Q

what did the third estate do to gain power?

A

established the national assembly to begin a representative government

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11
Q

what did the national assembly do?

A

pass laws for the people

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12
Q

what was the tennis court oath?

A

a plead for a constitutional government, and to write a future constitution

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13
Q

what was the bastille?

A

a prison which hold gunpowder and many peasants

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14
Q

why did the citizens storm the bastille?

A

in case of a war, they needed gunpowder, so they destroyed the bastille in order to get it

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15
Q

what was the great fear?

A

many were still worried that they were not free, so peasants purged into nobles manors to get rid of feudal dues

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16
Q

why were the woman angry over the queen?

A

prices of bread were increasing, along with horrible economy

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17
Q

what was the womans march to versailles?

A

a riot, killing guards and parading using the heads of the guards

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18
Q

who made louis xvi and the queen sign the declaration?

A

the woman

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19
Q

what was the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen?

A

a, inspired by the u.s. constitution, constitution to give all the people rights and freedom

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20
Q

why was the church destroyed?

A

to boost economy and give the national assembly more power

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21
Q

why were peasants worried about the national assembly?

A

did not like the destroying of the church

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22
Q

what did the first constitution consist of?

A

constitutional monarchy with three branches, and the legislative assembly

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23
Q

why did the legislative assembly split into groups?

A

opinions based on fixing old problems

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24
Q

what were the three groups in the legislative assembly?

A

radicals, moderates, conservatives

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25
Q

what was the sans-culottes?

A

parisan workers who wanted to bring big changes to france

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26
Q

what was the voting rights act?

A

only people who paid taxes can vote

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27
Q

who was harmed by the voting rights act?

A

the nobles, who did not pay any taxes

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28
Q

why did france go to war with austria in 1792?

A

austria did not like the radical changes france was making

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29
Q

why was france losing the war against austria in 1792?

A

frances prisoners tried to escape and take control, and austria was able to massacre france and the royalty

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30
Q

what was the national convention?

A

a discussion to create a new legislature during the france vs austria war

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31
Q

what is popular sovereignity?

A

people have the power

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32
Q

what was the guillotine?

A

a harmful way to decapitate people, to execute them

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33
Q

why was louis xvi executed?

A

sentenced to death for treason

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34
Q

what was the battle of valmy?

A

the battle which gave france victory over austria

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35
Q

who was ropespierre?

A

a jacobin who wanted to get rid of all traces of old france, and a new leader of france

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36
Q

why did people call ropespierres reign the reign of terror?

A

executed people for small matters, and was a big dictator

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37
Q

what did the national convention do to finish the reign of terror?

A

used the guillotine to execute him

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38
Q

what was the directory?

A

an executive body of five men

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39
Q

who was napoleon bonaparte?

A

a leader of france, who led france through many wars.

40
Q

why was napoleon a savior to france?

A

at a very young age, he led frances soldiers through many wars, and won the majority of them

41
Q

why did people begin to dislike the directory?

A

they began to lose control of the government

42
Q

what was the coup detat?

A

seizing the power of the directory, and chose napoleon to be first consul of the new leadership

43
Q

why did france, austria, and russia continue to be at war after napoleon was chosen leader?

A

wanted to dismay has power due to them being intimidated by him

44
Q

what is a plebiscite?

A

a vote of the people

45
Q

what did napoleon do to recover the economy?

A

set up tax collection, national banking system

46
Q

what did napoleon do to recover the government?

A

removed corrupt officials, set up lycees to provide the government with well trained soldiers

47
Q

what did napoleon do to recover the church?

A

signed a concordat with the pope pius vii, to give the church recognition, but not political power

48
Q

what was the napoleonic code?

A

a system of laws to give more order and authority to france

49
Q

why did napoleon want to expand the french empire?

A

he was getting greedy for power

50
Q

what places in the west did napoleon want to have control over?

A

louisiana territory, florida, french guiana, the french west indies

51
Q

which sugar producing colony did napoleon also want?

A

haiti

52
Q

why was haiti mad at napoleon?

A

they did not get the same privledges as the people of france

53
Q

what happened due to haiti being mad at napoleon?

A

a civil war which made africans take control of haiti, but france got it back under control

54
Q

why was france not able to keep haiti?

A

many of the french living in haiti died of disease

55
Q

after losing haiti, what did napoleon do with the rest of the western territory?

A

sold them, with the louisiana territory going to the u.s.

56
Q

what did napoleon first do to gain control over europe?

A

annexed austrian netherlands and parts of italy, and set up a government in switzerland

57
Q

what did european nations do to stop napoleon from conquering the whole of europe?

A

conquer a series of battles, but eventually lost

58
Q

after the european nations lost against europe, what happened?

A

napoleon continued creating his empire

59
Q

what was the battle of trafalgar?

A

a french loss which ensured britains navy supremacy, and napoleon could not invade britain after the loss

60
Q

what was the continental system?

A

a policy which created a blockade between france and britain

61
Q

why did napoleon want to create the continental system?

A

to ruin britains economy, and make the empire more self sufficient

62
Q

why did the continental system not work?

A

many allies and britain rebelled and continued trading

63
Q

what did britain do to respond to the continental system?

A

formed a stronger blockade, blocking american ships and the french

64
Q

what was the war of 1812 about?

A

americans were mad over britains blockade

65
Q

why did the peninsular war begin?

A

napoleon sent an invasion force through spain to try and get portugal to accept the continental system

66
Q

why was spain mad over the invasion force?

A

france also overthrew the spanish king, and they were frightened the spanish church could be demolished too

67
Q

what is guerrila warfare?

A

a war tactic where swarms of people individually fight

68
Q

why was spain able to win the war against france?

A

britain teamed up with spain to take the first hit on france

69
Q

why did napoleon invade russia?

A

due to many trust issues between the two allies

70
Q

why did people continue dying during the march to russia?

A

horrible weather and drowning

71
Q

what was the battle of borodino?

A

a collision of russia and france army, to stop frances conquering to russia

72
Q

what happened when france got to moscow?

A

found the city in flames, and never got to talk with the czar

73
Q

how many people died during the spanish and french war, and the invasion to russia?

A

712000, 300000 from the war, 412000 from the invasion

74
Q

why did many european nations decide to go to war with france after the invasion?

A

napoleon lost all his soldiers, leading to his new army being weak

75
Q

what happened after the european nations killed the untrained army of napoleon?

A

napoleon gave up his throne, and was banished

76
Q

who was made king after napoleon?

A

louis xvis brother, louis xviii

77
Q

why did people dislike louis xviii?

A

he wanted to bring back old france

78
Q

why did napoleon escape form his banishment and become king?

A

disliked what louis xviiis plan was, and overthrew him

79
Q

what was the battle of waterloo?

A

a battle after napoleon became king again, where britain and prussia teamed up to seal napoleons fate

80
Q

what happened after napoleon lost the battle of waterloo?

A

britain shipped napoleon to st helena in exile, and he died after six years

81
Q

what is the congress of vienna?

A

a series of meeting to establish peace in the european nations

82
Q

what were the five great powers in the congress?

A

russia, prussia, britain, france, austria

83
Q

who was the most influential in the congress?

A

prince klemens von metternich

84
Q

what was metternichs goals?

A

prevent french aggression, restore a balance of power, bring back europes old monarchy

85
Q

how did metternich end french aggression?

A

made the weak countries around france stronger

86
Q

what did metternich do to restore a balance of power?

A

got rid of lots of frances power

87
Q

what is legitimacy?

A

a belief that the rulers before napoleon should come back into the throne

88
Q

what were britain and frances government like after the congress?

A

constitutional monarchy

89
Q

what was the holy alliance?

A

an alliance formed by prussia, russia, and austria to prevent casualties in europe

90
Q

what was the concert of europe?

A

alliances formed by metternich to ensure the countries help each other in future battles

91
Q

what is a creole and what did they do when napoleon overthrew the king of spain?

A

colonists born in south america seizing control of many colonies in the americas

92
Q

what is a peninsulare and what did they do after the congress of vienna?

A

colonists born in spain tried to regain control over the colonies in america

93
Q

what happened after the congress of vienna which made spain lose their control in the americas?

A

the latin revolution

94
Q

after the congress of vienna, what happened to the power of france and britain?

A

frances power decreased while britains power increased

95
Q

why did italy, greece, and germany go into revolutions after the congress of vienna?

A

nationalism and the beliefs from the french revolution

world history (2 decks)

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