The French Revolution 9

Question 1

Tithe

Answer 1

How much people have to pay to go to church. The church was wealthy, having the right to tithe the peasants 10% of their income.

Question 2

Bourgeoisie

Answer 2

The middle class of French Society. They are important because they invested money on businesses.

Question 3

Louis XIV

Answer 3

The Sun King. He believed he was the source of all light in the nation and that he alone made France great. He ruled France for 72 years as an absolute monarch. He believed that he was the most important thing in French life/culture. “I am the nation.”

Question 4

Versailles

Answer 4

To be remembered Louis XIV built a massive palace in the southwest of Paris in a village called Versailles.

Question 5

Louis XVI

Answer 5

Louis XVI married Marie Antoinette. He was not ready to be a king and didn’t have much interest in ruling, so he left important decisions to other people. He did nothing to help the peasants or the bourgeoisie.

Question 6

Customs of Paris

Answer 6

Marie Antoinette offended the aristocrats with her attitudes towards French traditions.

Question 7

Marie Antoinette

Answer 7

Queen of France, married Louis XVI and was involved in the Affair of the Necklace. She helped make decisions like picking ministers and firing people she disliked. She had opinions about the government, but no education or experience.

Question 8

The Affair of the Diamond Necklace

Answer 8

Marie Antoinette was alleged to be involved in a scandal over jewels worth more than the yearly income of France.

Question 9

The Enlightenment

Answer 9

The Philosophes were spreading new ideas like democracy, scientific thoughts and women’s right which helped spark the revolution. These ideas created a conflict with the church which values faith.

Question 10

Rousseau

Answer 10

Rousseau believed that society needs a social contract. Also believed in natural law.

Question 11

Voltaire

Answer 11

Voltaire is against the church in favour of freedom of thought. Felt that absolute monarch was good for the society. Hated injustice, often defended people who were victims of superstitious or bigotry.

Question 12

Montesquieu

Answer 12

Believed the ruler had to work with the people through elected parliaments. Not popular with monarchs in Europe who did not want to share power with the people.

Question 13

Who and what were the philosophes?

Answer 13

Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu were philosophes who were well known all over the world. Their followers were well educated. They had time to sit in cafes, reading and discussing ideas about politics, science and religion.

Question 14

How to be Enlightenment?

Answer 14

Stand up for reasons that are only important if it can be demonstrate by scientific experiment, superstitious must be ignored.

Question 15

Social Contract

Answer 15

An agreement where everyone follows certain rules. For example, he thought “Majority rules” is a good way to make decisions.

Question 16

Estates General (1789)

Answer 16

Louis XVI was hoping the estates would help raise money and put an end to rioting, but the estates want a say in the government. Louis XVI does not want to give up absolute power. He agrees to compromise by allowing them an opinion on taxes.

Question 17

The Enlightenment

What are the many influences from other countries?

Answer 17

England: Issac Newton’s laws of gravity & John locke’s emricism, only what we can sense or experienced is real.

Question 18

Natural Law

Answer 18

All people are good, but they become corrupted by the government and society.

Question 19

National Assembly

Answer 19

The 3rd estates broke away from the Estate General and vowed to form a new government known as the National assembly. The National Assembly abolished the feudal system and declared all citizens equal.

Question 20

What were the Estates?

Answer 20

1st estate - Clergy
2nd estate - Aristocrats
3rd estate - Middle class

Question 21

What was the oath that the 3rd estate and the Estate General made?

Answer 21

To continue meeting for as long as it takes until democracy come to France.

Question 22

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 22

Passed the National Assembly in August 1789 and guaranteed freedom of thought, religion, speech, security and property.

Question 23

New Constitution

Answer 23

Everyone is a citizen, nobles no longer exist, all church property is now controlled by the government.

Question 24

Legislative Assembly

Answer 24

It formed in 1791 and tried to get organized but now there was a lot of arguing between different groups.

Question 25

National Convention

Answer 25

Leaders named Robespierre and Danton took control of the Government and name it the National Convention. They put the king on trial and executed him and Marie Antoinette.

Question 26

Moderate Girondists and Radical Jacobins

Answer 26

Jacobins were known for their radical thinking. Girondist is a more moderate thinking group. Girondist were part of the Jacobins but then later separated. During the the reign of terror was also the fall of the Girondists. Most of them were executed by the guillotine.

Question 27

The Sans-Culottes

Answer 27

Sans-Culottes were very violent and went around killing everyone they thought was against the revolution.

Question 28

Marat

Answer 28

Marat was a leader who wrote lots pamphlets to attract more flowers, was murdered in his bathtub.

Question 29

The Law of Suspects

Answer 29

Anyone who was part of a noble family or anyone who was wanted for the gov’t before the revolution.

Question 30

Robespierre

Answer 30

Shortly after the bastille, a group called the radicals came to power in France. Led by Robespierre, their goal was to abolish the French Monarchy.

Question 31

A.R Turgot

Answer 31

General Of Finance, was fired by Marie Antoinette.

Question 32

The Reign of Terror

Answer 32

After the death of the king, things became worse for France. Laws were passed to get rid of anyone who opposed the revolution.

Question 33

Chateaux

Answer 33

Chateaux were big houses that lived in France.

Question 34

National Guard

Answer 34

Many of the soldier Louis XVI had sent against the Bastille switched sides to fight the people and together they formed the National Guard.

Question 35

Bastille

Answer 35

An event happened when a mob stormed a royal prison fortress known as the bastille, where they released the prisoners and beheaded the governor.

Question 36

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 36

When one ruler has supreme authority and where the authority is not restricted by any laws. Only answered to god and made all decisions on his own. No one could question for fear of severe punishments or death.

Question 37

Huguenots

Answer 37

A group called the huguenots which included businessmen and entrepreneurs.

Question 38

Factors

Economic

Answer 38

Aristocrats controlled most of the wealth: had most of the money. France was heavily in debt, taxes were high. There were poor people everywhere that barely get by and they were losing hope.

Question 39

Factors

Political

Answer 39

There are two main groups of people: privileged nobles and illiterate serfs. Very few people were happy with the absolute monarch. Educated people called philosophes started to spread new ideas how absolute monarch was bad for society and democracy would be better.

Question 40

Factors

Social

Answer 40

A lot of people agreed with the philosophes about democracy and people became unified. This was the beginning of the revolution.

Question 41

Political leadership

Answer 41

Louis XIV involved France in several wars to try to expand the country and promote his interests. These wars were unsuccessful and left the royal treasury empty. When he died the french economy was a disaster.

Question 42

Positive and Negative aspects

Answer 42

Positive - The philosophes started to spread ideas which helped a lot of people.

Negative - Louis XIV put the country in a bad shape by persecuting the huguenots. This forced many of them to leave the country taking away a lot of possible income for France.

Question 43

Guillotine

Answer 43

An uprising of rural peasants; many nobles were killed.

Question 44

Citizen Louis Capet

Answer 44

During Louis XVI final weeks of his life a leader named Robespierre renamed him Louis Capet.