Industrial Revolution 9 Flashcards
Revolution
Not violent, but a time of massive change for all society. If the entire system changes, we call it a revolution.
Industry
Middle class or landowners influenced government to pass laws that helped businesses grow.
Colonies
Countries who provided more money and natural resources to help businesses grow (import raw materials, sell back finished goods)
Natural Resources
Coal and wood
Coal
Coal for power to run factories. Britain uses lots of coal and this caused black lung in miners.
Enclosure System
Large farm fields that made more profit for farmers.
Common Area/Land
A land/area that could be used by anybody, but gov’t made laws that allowed people to buy it and make it private property, only benefited the rich, poor people sold their farms and moved to cities.
Seed Drill
Planted seeds neatly in rows and was faster and much less wasteful. New plants and animals were healthier but more expensive.
Flying Shuttle
Made weaving much faster and allowed large looms to be operated by only one person.
Steam Engine
A heat engine using steam as a working fluid. Used for train, factories and more.
Laissez Faire
Business could be as free as possible from regulations/control; competition would make them grow, wealth would benefit everyone.
Factory System
Working conditions were unsafe because safety would be expensive for owners who only cared about profit. Workers were paid as little as possible.
Cottage System
Old factory before factory system, everybody had their own system.
Profit
To make money.
Child Labour
Poor children had no choice but to work from 5 to 6 years old. Poor families needed their children to work because their wages were low.
Since they are small they would be put in dangerous situations like chimney cleaners, climb in and out machines to untangle threads, and mine shafts in small tunnels to move coal.
Negative effects: pollution from coal burning, deaf from noisy machines, and breathing in textile particles. This could cause harm to their bodies and stunt their growth.
