Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPHE 344 > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones and joints does the foot have?

A

26 bones and 34 joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what bone in the foot transfers all the forces and nothing attaches to it

A

the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what joint usually gets hurt when you sprain your ankle

A

anterior talofibulous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Traction injury at Achilles insertion

A

severs disease (apophysitis of calcaneus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Pain occurs at posterior heel below Achilles attachment in children and adolescent athletes
  • Pain occurs during vigorous activity and ceases following activity
A

Severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when a kid grows the bones first putting lots of pressure o the muscles and ligaments

A

severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you treat Severs disease?

A

Best treated with ice, rest, stretching and NSAID’s

-Heel lift could also relieve some stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the achillies tendon starts to yank on the heel bone creating fractures

A

severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what can happen with severs disease?

A

the bone lays more bone and creates a bone bump, can be form bone or chronic inflammation (exocytosis= excessive outgrowth of bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Inflammation of bursa beneath Achilles tendon
  • Result of pressure and rubbing of shoe heel counter
  • Chronic condition that develops over time; may take extensive time to resolve; exostosis may develop
A

Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Haglund’s Deformity or “Pump Bump”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pain w/ palpation superior and anterior to Achilles insertion, swelling on both sides of the heel cord

A

retrocalcaneal bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

management of retrocalcaneal bursitis

A
  • Manage inflammation

- Routine stretching of Achilles, heel lifts to reduce stress, donut pad to reduce pressure -Change footwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Caused by sudden starts, stops or changes of direction, irritation of fat pad
  • Pain on the lateral aspect due to heel strike pattern
A

heal contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Severe pain in heel and is unable to withstand stress of weight bearing
  • Often warmth and redness over the tender area
A

heal contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management of heal contusions

A
  • Reduce weight bearing for 24 hours, RICE and NSAID’s

- Resume activity with heel cup or doughnut pad after pain has subsided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Any condition that compromises T D AN H

A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

May result from previous fracture, tenosynovitis, acute trauma or instability, excessive pronation

A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tarsel tunnel syndrome lives under ?

A

underneath in the subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

after one sprain, you are more prone to more because?

A

the proprioceptors are out of wack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Burning, tingling & pain along medial and plantar aspect of foot, motor weakness and atrophy may result
  • Increased pain at night
A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

management of tarsel tunnel syndrome

A

manage inflammation and orthodics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Poor biomechanics, wearing tight shoes, being overweight, trauma, or excessive exercise placing undo stress on arch

A

pes planus (looks like a flat arch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pain, weakness or fatigue in medial arch; flattened appearance of arch

A

pes planus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

management of pes planus

A

Leave it alone if not causing an issue Orthotics, arch taping if problems develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Higher arch than normal; associated with excessive supination, accentuated high medial longitudinal arch

A

pes cavus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-Poor shock absorption resulting in metatarsalgia, foot pain, clawed or hammer toes

A

pes cavus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Associated with forefoot valgus, shortening of Achilles and plantar fascia; heavy callus development on ball and heel of foot

A

pes cavus

28
Q

management of pes cavus

A
  • Leave it alone if not causing an issue
  • Orthotics should be used if problems develop (lateral wedge)
  • Stretch Achilles and plantar fascia
29
Q

etiology of plantar fasciitis

A
  • Tight heel cord
  • Cavus foot or hyperpronation
  • Change in footwear or training surface
  • Excessive training
30
Q

Point tenderness medial heel/medial arch -‘first step’ pain

A

plantar fasciitis

31
Q

management of plantar fasciitis

A

Orthoses/heel cup
Arch taping
Massage and vigorous stretching

32
Q

metatarsel stress fractures are most common in what meta tarsels?

A

2nd MT followed by the 3rd MT, occasionally base of the 5th

33
Q

Associated with increase in training, change in training surfaces, inappropriate footwear

A

metatarsel stress fracture

34
Q

Over 2-3 weeks dull ache during exercise, progressing from diffuse to localized pain at rest

A

metatarsel stress fracture

35
Q

management of metatarsel stress fracture

A

Limit WB activity; cross train with NWB activities; determine source of injury; gradual return to activity

36
Q
  • Caused by repetitive hyperextension of the great toe resulting in inflammation or landing on 1st MTP
  • Pes cavus
A

sesamoiditis

37
Q
  • Pain under great toe, especially during push off

- Palpable tenderness under first metatarsal head

A

sesamoiditis

38
Q

management of sesamoiditis

A
  • Treat with orthotic devices, including metatarsal pads, arch supports
  • Decrease activity to allow inflammation to subside
39
Q

etiology of metatarsalglia

A

Tight gastroc-soleus complex or fallen arches

40
Q

Transverse arch flattened, depressing 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal bones and resulting in pain

  • Pain with WB activities, including walking, running & jumping
  • Cavus foot may also cause problem
A

metatarsaglia

41
Q

management of metatarsaglia

A
  • Elevate depressed metatarsal heads or medial aspect of calcaneus with pad or orthotic
  • RICE; footwear examination
  • Stretching heel cord and strengthening intrinsic foot muscles
42
Q

Lateral deviation of hallus and exostosis of 1st metatarsal head; Bursa becomes inflamed and thickens, enlarging joint, and causing lateral misalignment of great toe

A

bunion (hallux, valgus deformity)

43
Q
  • Associated with previous injury;

- pronation, footwear, genetics

A

bunion

44
Q

Bunionette (Tailor’s bunion) impacts ?causes ?

A

5th metatarsophalangeal joint

-medial displacement of 5th toe

45
Q
  • Tenderness, swelling, and enlargement of joint initially, resulting in angulation
  • Tendinitis in great toe flexors may develop
A

bunion

46
Q

management of bunions

A

Wear correct fitting shoes, appropriate orthotics, pad over 1st metatarsal head, tape splint between 1st and 2nd toe

  • Engage in foot exercises for flexor and extensor muscles
  • Bunionectomy may be necessary
47
Q

etiology of mortons neuroma

A
  • Interdigital nerve irritation due to tumour or nerve entrapment
  • Excessive pronation can be a predisposing factor
48
Q

Burning paresthesia and severe intermittent pain in forefoot, notably between 3rd & 4th MT heads

  • Pain relieved with non-weight bearing
  • Toe hyperextension increases symptoms
A

mortons neuroma

49
Q

management of mortons neuroma

A
  • Must rule out stress fracture
  • MT padding
  • Shoes with wider toe box
  • Surgical excision may be required
50
Q
  • Generally caused by kicking non-yielding object

- Hyperextension of the 1st MTP resulting in capsuloligamentous sprain

A

sprained toe

51
Q
  • Pain & immediate swelling and discoloration occurring w/in 1-2 days
  • Stubbed toe stiffness and residual pain will last several weeks
  • Sprained 1st MTP will present accordingly to 1st/2nd/3rd degree sprain; painful extension with walking/running/jumping
A

sprained toe

52
Q

management of a sprained tow

A
  • RICE, buddy taping toes to immobilize or turf toe taping
  • Shoe modification
  • Begin weight bearing as tolerable
53
Q

Direct pressure, dropping an object on toe, kicking another object, repetitive shear forces on toenail
- Improperly fit shoes, running downhill

A

subungual hemotoma

54
Q

Accumulation of blood underneath toenail, extreme pain and ultimately loss of nai

A

subungual hemotoma

55
Q

management of subungual hemotoma

A
  • RICE immediately to reduce pain and swelling

- Relieve pressure within 12-24 hours (lance or drill nail) – must be sterile to prevent infection

56
Q

Generally occurs in great toe • Result of lateral pressure from shoes, poor nail trimming, and repeated trauma

A

ingrown toe nail

57
Q

signs and symptoms of an ingrown toe nail

A

Pain, swelling & redness around irritated section

58
Q

management of ingrown toe nail

A

Conservative management includes soaking the inflamed toe in warm water (20 minutes) • Place cotton under edge of nail to clear from skin • If chronic, remove wedge of nail and apply antiseptic compress until inflammation resides • Physician may take more aggressive approach

59
Q

prevention of ingrown toe nails

A

Properly fitting shoes and socks are essential • Weekly toenail trimming (cut straight across) • Leave nail long enough to clear skin

60
Q

Most common form of superficial fungal infection – highly contagious

A

tinea pedis

61
Q

tinea pedis signs and symptoms

A

Extreme itching on soles of feet, between and on top of toes
• Appears as dry scaling patch or inflammatory scaling red papules forming larger plaques
• May develop secondary infection from itching and bacteria

62
Q

management of tinea pedis

A

Topical antifungal agents and good foot hygiene

63
Q

Result of a shearing force that produces a raised area that accumulates with fluid

A

blisters

64
Q

Hot spot, sharp burning sensation, painful • Superficial area of skin raised with clear fluid

A

blisters

65
Q

prevention of blisters

A

Use of dust or powder or lubricant to reduce friction • 2 pairs of socks if feet are sensitive or perspire excessively • Appropriate shoes that are broken in • Pad hot spots; lubricants • Management – see wound care lab

EPHE 344 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions