The five kingdoms

Question 1

Plants

Answer 1

Plants a multicellular.
They have chloroplasts which mean they can photosynthesise.
Their cells have cell walls which are made of cellulose.
Plant store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch.

Question 2

Animals

Answer 2

Animals are multicellular.
They don’t have chloroplasts and they can’t photosynthesise.
Their cells don’t have cell walls.
Most have some kind of nervous coordination. This means that they can respond rapidly to changes in their environment.
They can usually move around from one place to another.
They often store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen

Question 3

Fungi

Answer 3

Some are single celled.
Others has a body called a mycelium which is made up of hyphae. The hyphae contain lots of nuclei.
They cannot photosynthesise.
Their cells have cell walls made of chitin.
Most feed by saprotrophic nutrition-they secrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside the body to dissolve their food, so they can absorb the nutrients.
They can store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 4

Examples of plants, animals and fungi.

Answer 4

Plants: cereals e.g. maze
herbaceous legumes e.g. peas
Animals: mammals e.g. humans
Insects e.g. Housefly
Fungi: yeast- this is single celled.
Mucor- this is multicellular and has a mycelium of hyphae

Question 5

Protoctists

Answer 5

Fees are single celled a microscopic.
Some have chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells.
Others are more like animal cells.

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

These are also single celled and microscopic.
They don’t have a nucleus.
They have a circular chromosome of DNA.
Some can photosynthesise.
Most bacteria feed of other organisms-both living and dead.

Question 7

Viruses

Answer 7

These are particles rather than cells and are smaller than bacteria.
They can only reproduce inside living cells. Organisms that depend on other organisms to live a cold parasites.
They infect all types of living organisms.
They come in loads of different shapes and sizes.
They don’t have a cellular structure-they have a protein coat around some genetic material (either DNA or RNA)
They are not alive.

Question 8

Examples of protoctists, bacteria and viruses.

Answer 8

Protoctists: chlorella-plant like
Amoeba- animal like
Bacteria: lactobacillus bulgarious- can be used to turn milk into yoghurt. Rod shaped.
Pneumococcus- spherical in shape.
Virus: influenza virus
Tobacco mosaic virus-this makes the leaves of tobacco plants discoloured by stopping them from re-producing chloroplasts.
HIV

Question 9

Define pathogens

Answer 9

Pathogens are organisms that cause disease. They include some fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses

Question 10

What does

Plasmodium
Pneumococcus
Influenza
HIV

Cause

Answer 10

Plasmodium is a productivist which causes malaria.
Pneumococcus is a bacteria which causes pneumonia.
The influenza virus causes flu and HIV causes aids are both viruses.