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Human Anatomy 2 > The Final > Flashcards

The Final Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antigens are found on the surface of the red blood cells of a person with type AB blood?

A

antigens A and B

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2
Q

A person with type A blood can successfully donate to a person with a Type ________ blood.

A

A

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3
Q

Blood vessels called _________ carry blood to the heart and __________ carry blood away from the heart.

A

veins; arteries

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4
Q

Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survive?

A

It supplies oxygen and nutrients

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5
Q

During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valve?

A

The mitral and tricuspid valve are both closed

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6
Q

Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart

A

fibrous pericardium

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7
Q

What layer lines the chambers of the heart?

A

endocardium

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8
Q

Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structures?

A

Venae cavae and coronary sinuses

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9
Q

What chambers of the heart has oxygen-poor blood?

A

right atrium and right ventricle

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10
Q

Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A

mitral valve

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11
Q

What is the correct order of the cardiac conduction system?

A

SA node&raquo_space; AV node&raquo_space; AV bundle&raquo_space; Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate?

A

bradycardia

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13
Q

Dehydration can be caused by _____ ______ __ ______ ______?

A

prolonged vomiting or prolonged diarrhea

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14
Q

In a healthy body, the volume of water remains relatively stable at all times (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

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15
Q

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

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16
Q

What is the effect of nitric oxide on a blood vessel?

A

causes vasodilation

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17
Q

What blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?

A

veins

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18
Q

The effect of vasoconstriction?

A

blood pressure increase

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19
Q

Where is the popliteal artery located?

A

behind the knee

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20
Q

When taking a pulse at the wrist, which artery is paptutated?

A

radial artery

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21
Q

What are pathogens?

A

diseases-causing agents

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22
Q

The structure of the lymphatic vessel is most similar to a ____?

A

vein

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23
Q

Red and white pulp is found in what structure?

A

the spleen

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24
Q

Following a tissue transplant, the transplant recipient typically needs to take medicine to?

A

suppress their immune system

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25
Q

What type of immune resistance will a person develop after contracting and fighting off an infection?

A

naturally acquired immunity

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26
Q

What condition involves a decrease in white blood cells?

A

leukopenia

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27
Q

What is a Hematocrit?

A

percent of red blood cells in a blood sample

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28
Q

What are Formed Elements?

A

blood cells and platelets

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29
Q

What type of Formed Elements is most abundant?

A

red blood cells

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30
Q

What type of blood cell is biconcave and lacks a nucleus when they are mature?

A

red blood cells

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31
Q

What is the primary function of lymphocytes?

A

to act against foreign substances

32
Q

Why might elite athletes abuse Erythropoietin (EPO)?

A

EPO increases red blood cell supply which brings more oxygen to muscle cells

33
Q

A pulmonary ________ is typically caused by a blood clot reaching the lung via a pulmonary artery.

A

embolism

34
Q

Grant has a condition in which his immune system has attacked and destroyed his thyroid gland. This is an example of what?

A

autoimmune disease

35
Q

What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies?

A

the presence of an antigen produces antibodies

36
Q

COPD includes which respiratory disorder?

A

chronic bronchitis and emphasema

37
Q

Where are the vocal cords located?

A

top of the larynx or in larynx

38
Q

What is the correct order of the pharynx from superior to inferior?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

39
Q

What causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration?

A

pressure gradient between atmosphere and alveoli

40
Q

Following normal inspiration, the volume of additional air enters the lungs. What is forced maximal inspiration called?

A

inspiratory reserve volume

41
Q

Name the movement of air that is being moved in and out during a single quiet inspiration.

A

tidal volume

42
Q

According to Boyle’s law, as the volume of a container decreases______ ________ _______.

A

the pressure increases

43
Q

A _______ is a sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed

A

a hiccup

44
Q

What has an effect on the pH of blood?

A

carbon dioxide

45
Q

Why are smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections?

A

their respiratory passageways lose cilia which is responsible for removing bacteria and pathogens

46
Q

Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Liver

47
Q

The salivary glands secrete the enzyme ________ that breaks down __________.

A

amylase; carbohydrates

48
Q

What is not a function of the kidneys?

A

synthesis of plasma protein

49
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A

the paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder, and a urethra

50
Q

Where are the paired kidneys located?

A

behind the parietal peritonuem

51
Q

What is the action of the hormone Aldosterone? (2 increases and 3 stimulations)

A

increases both blood pressure and blood volume, stimulates kidneys to reabsorb sodium, stimulates kidneys to secrete potassium, and stimulates kidneys to secrete hydrogen

52
Q

In response to the action of ________ sodium ions are conserved and potassium ions are excreted in the urine.

A

aldosterone

53
Q

What blood pH occurs with the condition called acidosis?

A

below 7.35

54
Q

What blood pH occurs with the condition called alkalosis?

A

above 7.45

55
Q

How is a strong acid different from a weak acid?

A

strong acids ionize more than weak acids

56
Q

When the concentration of water in the body fluid increases, the secretion of ADH increases. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

57
Q

ADH increases water absorption. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

58
Q

The esophagus provides a passage for substances from the larynx to the bronchi. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

59
Q

Bile is composed of HCI, pepsin, mucous, and intrinsic factor. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

60
Q

Primary oocyte production begins before birth. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

61
Q

Endometriosis can result in the formation of fibrous tissue around the ovaries and can prevent ovulation and can obstruct the tubules. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

62
Q

The nervous system releases hormones at the synapses and the endocrine system release neurotransmitters. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

63
Q

When the target cells of the hypothalamus is releasing hormones they are in the anterior pituitary gland. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

64
Q

The thalamus controls the secretion of pituitary hormones. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

65
Q

Another word for breathing?

A

ventilation

66
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

hormones that stimulate the endocrine gland to secrete hormones

67
Q

What phase does synapsis occur in?

A

prophase 1

68
Q

Insulin _____ concentration of blood glucose.

A

lowers

69
Q

_________ cells are found in the coils in the testes

A

Spermatogenic

70
Q

Erectile dysfunction is an underlying disease. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

71
Q

Semen includes _______ and _______ in its make-up.

A

prostaglandins; nutrients

72
Q

Where do sperm cells mature?

A

epididymis

73
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

the uterine tubes

74
Q

Define the digestive system?

A

the breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients

75
Q

What is mastication?

A

chewing

76
Q

What is the start of chemical digestion?

A

saliva

77
Q

The liver is part of the gastrointestinal tract. (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

False

Human Anatomy 2 (3 decks)

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