Chapter 19 Flashcards
Define surfactant.
a substance produced by the lungs that reduces the surface tension in alveoli
What is the respiratory cycle?
one inspiration followed by one expiration
What is tidal volume?
the amount of air that moves in or out during the respiratory cycle
What is a respiratory membrane?
a membrane composed of a capillary wall, an alveolar wall, and basement membranes through which blood and inspired air exchanges gases
What is an alveolar pore?
a small opening in the walls between alveoli that permits air to pass from one alveolus to another
Define hyperventilation.
deep and rapid breathing that lowers CO2 levels in blood
Where are some places where respiratory areas can be found?
medulla oblongata and pons
Define respiratory areas.
Groups of neurons in the brainstem that control breathing depth and rate
Define total lung capacity.
the volume of air in completely filled lungs
Define functional residual capacity.
volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal quiet respiration
Define partial pressure.
pressure that one gas contributes in a mixture of gases
Define inspiratory capacity.
volume of air that ca be inhaled after a resting expiration
Define vital capacity.
the maximum volume of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath
Define residual volume.
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most complete expiration
Define Respiration.
the process by which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the body cells
Define Nasal Septum.
divides the nose medially
Describe the functions of the Nasal Conchae.
divides the nasal cavity into passageways and helps increase the surface area of the mucous membranes
Where is the Pharynx located?
posterior to the mouth, between the nasal cavity and the larynx
What is a larynx?
an enlargement at the top of the trachea
What is the main function of the epiglottis?
helps prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea
The bronchial tree consists of…
branched air passages that connect the trachea to the air sacs
_______ and ______ movements are accompanied by changes in the size of the thoracic cavity.
inspiration
expiration
What is surface tension?
a force that holds the moist pleural membrane together due to the attraction of water molecules
Name one thing surface tension aids.
lung expansion
