The Field of AI Flashcards
Name some applications of Artificial Intelligence.
Game playing, web page ranking, handwriting recognition, face detection, machine translation, route planning, self-driving cars, virtual assistants, physical assistants, space exploration, etc.
What is the focus of AI?
Nontrivial problems that require reasoning and are often solved by humans, going beyond numerical computations and manipulations.
What are the benefits of AI research?
Engineering aspect - solving hard problems.
Cognitive aspect - understanding the nature of human intelligence.
What are the four ways in which AI can be defined?
Thinking Humanly
Thinking Rationally
Acting Humanly
Acting Rationally
Give and explain an example of a computer “thinking humanly”.
Cognitive modelling - machines must not just behave enough to fool a human judge, they must do it in a way similar to human cognition (the mental action of acquiring knowledge). It requires detailed matching of computer behaviour and timing to measurements of human subjects.
Give and explain an example of a computer “thinking rationally”.
Laws of Thought - formalising “right” reasoning using a mathematical model (deductive reasoning).
This can be difficult as formalising common sense knowledge is hard and general deductive inference is computationally intractable.
Give and explain an example of a computer “acting humanly”.
The Turing Test - if a human judge cannot find the difference between a human and a machine during a natural language text conversation, then the computer can be said to be intelligent.
Give and explain an example of a computer “acting rationally”.
Rational Agents - an agent is an entity that perceives its environment and is able to execute actions to change it. Agents have goals they want to achieve and acts in a way to maximise goal achievement in the available environment.
What is the Loebner Prize for?
A contest for the restricted form of the Turing Test.
