Philosophy, Ethics and Risks Flashcards
What is the Weak AI hypothesis?
Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.
What is the Strong AI hypothesis?
The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.
What is the difference between Strong AI and Weak AI?
Weak AI: can machines act as if they are intelligent?
Strong AI: are machines that do so actually intelligent as opposed to simulating intelligence?
Name and describe 3 philosophical counter-arguments to Weak AI.
Argument from disability: a machine can never be kind, be beautiful, fall in love, enjoy food etc.
Mathematical objection: certain mathematical questions are unanswerable by a formal system (“this sentence is false”).
Argument from informality: human behaviour is too complex to be captured by a set of rules (AI only thinks rationally).
Define “functionalism”.
Any 2 systems with isomorphic (similar in form) casual processes have the same mental states. A computer could have the same mental states as a person.
Define “Biological Naturalism”.
Mental states are high-level emergent features that are caused by low-level neurological processes in the neurons, and it is the neuron properties that matter. A computer must run on a neural architecture to have the same mental states as a person.
What is the Mind-Body Problem?
How mental states and processes are related to brain states and processes. Dualism vs Materialism.
Define “dualism”.
Mental processes are not physical processes (immortal soul, free will, consciousness).
Define “materialism”.
Mental states are physical states. Brains cause minds.
What is the Brain Prosthesis Experiment?
Gradually replace all neurons one neuron at the time with electronic devices with the same input-output behaviour and same connectivity in an alive conscious human.
Is the subject’s external behaviour changed?
Is the subject’s subjective experience changed?
What is the Chinese Room Experiment?
The system can have an “intelligent” conversation in Chinese. But the person in the room does not understand Chinese. The rules book and the pieces of paper, do not understand Chinese. Therefore there is no real understanding of Chinese. Or is there?
Name some risks of using AI.
Job loss to automation.
People will have too much leisure time.
Lost sense of uniqueness.
Loss of privacy rights.
Loss of accountability.
Mass surveillance.
Successful AI = end of humans?
Define “transhumanism”.
Merging humans and robots.
What are Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics?
- A robot may not injure a human or allow a human to come to harm.
- A robot must obey orders given by humans (unless it contradicts the first law).
- A robot must protect its own existence as long as it doesn’t conflict with the first two laws.
