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Normans > The Feudal System > Flashcards

The Feudal System Flashcards

1
Q

Before the Normans, who were the English ruled by?

A

The King and the Anglo Saxon aristocracy- the earls

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2
Q

How was England divided?

A

Into earldoms and governed by earls like Godwin of Wessex

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3
Q

Who could the Saxon king make an Earl?

A

Anyone

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4
Q

What did the Saxon expect in return for earldom?

A

Patronage - oaths of allegiance

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5
Q

What happened during war in anglo Saxon England?

A

King requested to be support of troops from an Earl who had to give the service of their housecarls and fyrd

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6
Q

What did William initially allow Saxons to keep?

A

Their earldoms

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7
Q

What did William do with large areas without an Earl (mostly because they were killed at Hastings)?

A

Split them into smaller areas and appointed Normans to govern them

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8
Q

What were the Normans appointed to govern earldoms called?

A

Barons or tenants-in-chief

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9
Q

When was the last English Earl beheaded?

A

1076

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10
Q

Who was the last English Earl?

A

Earl Waltheof

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11
Q

Who did land ownership remain with?

A

William

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12
Q

Who did the king give land and titles to?

A

Barons and earls in return for patronage and military service

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13
Q

What did barons give to their knights?

A

Protection, shelter, food and sometimes land

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14
Q

What did knights guarantee?

A

Military aid and loyalty to the king

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15
Q

% of land controlled by the church

A

25%

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16
Q

How could military service for knights be avoided?

A

Paying a scutage tax

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17
Q

How did the king assert more control over tenants?

A

Charging fees when they died, controlling the marriage of their widows and redistributing land when there was no male heir

18
Q

How many English thegns held land in Saxon England?

A

4000

19
Q

Who was land mostly owned by in Norman England?

A

King, church, barons and bishops

20
Q

How many barons and bishops owned Norman land?

A

200

21
Q

What was a lot of land took over as under William?

A

Royal Forests

22
Q

How did the size of land William gave out change?

A

Much smaller often confined to one county

23
Q

What did distributing smaller amounts of land prevent?

A

Barons getting too powerful and building a power base from which to challenge the king’s position

24
Q

Under the Saxons, property and land was divided among all the sons, how did William change this?

A

Introduced primogeniture where did he property was passed on to the eldest son

25
Q

What would happen if a tenant died without heirs?

A

Land returned to the Lord who could keep it, sell it or gift it off

26
Q

What would happen if a tenant died with an underage heir?

A

Lands taken over temporarily by the lord who could take all the profits until the heir was old enough to inherit

27
Q

What were feuds incidents?

A

The laws Normans introduced for land ownership

28
Q

What did feudal incidents give the king?

A

A new source of money

29
Q

What were Mesne Lords?

A

Lords who owned homage to another lord rather than to the king directly

30
Q

How were barons granted land?

A

Subinfeudation

31
Q

What were villeins not allowed to do?

A

Leave the land or marry without lord’s permission

32
Q

What were freemen?

A

Peasants who paid rent to the lord but were not tied to him in any other way

33
Q

Order of feudal system

A

King
Bishops and barons
Knights
Peasants

34
Q

% of land owned by William

A

20

35
Q

How many Norman aristocracy owned land?

A

10

36
Q

% of land Norman aristocracy owned

A

25

37
Q

How many apart from the king, church and aristocracy owned land?

A

170

38
Q

% owned by the remaining 170

A

30

39
Q

How many owned land under William?

A

250

40
Q

Who did the land technically all belong to?

A

William who could distribute it as he saw fit

Normans (17 decks)

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