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Normans > 1066 Claim to Throne > Flashcards

1066 Claim to Throne Flashcards

1
Q

Who died in 1066, what did this cause?

A

Edward the Confessor

He didn’t leave a clear heir- lots of groups were interested in taking over as they had links to England

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2
Q

What were the four earldoms created in England?

A

Wessex
East Anglia
Mercia
Northumbria

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3
Q

Who were the most powerful family in England? What did they control?

A

Godwins Wessex

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4
Q

Who became the most powerful heir?

A

Earl Godwin

Earl of Wessex

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5
Q

Who was not a blood relative of Edward the Confessor but was his brother in law?

A 
Harold Godwinson (sister Edith married to Edward)
Son of Earl Godwin
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6
Q

When did the Godwins rebel against King Edward the Confessor?

A

1051

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7
Q

What had the Godwinsons done in 1051?

A

In 1051 unsuccessfully tried to overthrow Edward the Confessor

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8
Q

What happened as a result of the Godwin’s rebellion in 1051?

A

King Edward survived with help from other earls

Exiled Godwins from England

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9
Q

After the Godwin’s rebellion in 1051, who was appointed into King Edward’s Court?

A

More Normans

He felt he could trust them

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10
Q

Who resented Edward’s decision to appoint more Normans?

A

Edward’s English advisors (the Witan)

They encouraged the Godwins to return to England with an army

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11
Q

What the Godwins do after being encouraged by the Witan to return with an army?

A

They returned and forced King Edward to reinstate them as earls of Wessex and dismiss the Normans from the English Court

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12
Q

In the final years of Edward the Confessor’s reign, what was Harold Godwinson appointed as?

A

Sub regulus - meant he effectively ran the country if the king was too ill and had immense power

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13
Q

Why was Harold Godwinson an excellent military leader?

A

When King Gruffydd of North Wales threatened to attack England, Harold organised the defence and it was so successful that Gruffydd was killed by his own men

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14
Q

According to Harold, what did Edward promise him on his death bed?

A

Offered him the throne which Harold accepted
He had sworn an oath of allegiance to Duke William in 1064 but claimed he had been taken prisoner and had been forced to make it under threat of death

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15
Q

What did Harold have because of his military power?

A

Support of many English lords due to power and he could protect the country

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16
Q

When did Harold Godwinson crown himself king?

A

6 January 1066

Same day as Edward’s funeral

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17
Q

Who was Edward’s nearest blood relative?

A

Edgar Aetheling

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18
Q

How was Edgar Aetheling related to Edward?

A

His grandfather, Edmund Ironside, was Edward’s half brother

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19
Q

Who had been named a successor by Edward?

A

In 1056, Edmund Ironside’s son- Edgar Aetheling has been named heir but had died in suspicious circumstances in 1057

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20
Q

How old was Edgar in 1066?

A

14

21
Q

Who had Edgar lived with?

A

Edward and his wife Edith

22
Q

What did many people in England think of Edgar as?

A

Edward’s son

He was treated like his child

23
Q

What did Edgar not have?

A

Money
Soldiers
Military experience

24
Q

Who was Edgar a direct descendent of?

A

Alfred the Great- one of the most famous Anglo-Saxon kings

25
Q

Who had raised England for years?

A

Vikings

26
Q

What did the English decide was the best way to deal with Vikings?

A

Pay them to leave

This was called Danegeld

27
Q

What did Danegeld result in?

A

The Vikings coming back for more

28
Q

Who was defeated by Vikings lead by Canute?

A

English King Aethelred in 1016

29
Q

What did Canute do after defeating King Aethelred in 1016?

A

Murdered him and his family

Ruled England until 1035

30
Q

Who was an experienced king of Norway for 20 years?

A

Harald Hardrada

31
Q

Why was Harald likely to get support from people in Northern England?

A

Viking ancestors

32
Q

What was Harald militarily?

A

A powerful warrior

Led Varangian Guard

33
Q

What was the Varangian Guard?

A

A ruthless army which served the Byzantine Empire (modern day Turkey)

34
Q

What did Harald Hardrada’s name mean?

A

Hard ruler

Settled disputes using force

35
Q

Who supported Harald Hardrada?

A 
Tostig Godwinson (Harold Godwinson’s brother)
He had been sacked as Earl of Northumbria by Harold Godwinson
36
Q

What did King Aethelred’s wife Emma and two sons Alfred and Edward do after Canute killed him?

A

Fled to Normandy

Protected by Emma’s brother Richard, Duke of Normandy

37
Q

What did the Duke of Normandy do when Emma and her sons fled to Normandy?

A

Richard raised the two boys Edward and Alfred as Normans

Forced Emma to return to England and marry Canute

38
Q

Why did Richard force Emma to marry Canute?

A

He hoped to have some influence over the English throne

39
Q

What was William of Normandy to Edward the Confessor?

A

Distant cousin

40
Q

When had Wessex and Normandy even allied since?

A

998 AD

41
Q

Why were Wessex and Normandy natural trading powers?

A

Allied since 998 AD

42
Q

What did Wessex and Normandy help each other against?

A

Viking attacks

43
Q

What strengthened the link between Normandy and England?

A

Emma of Normandy was married to two English Kings Aethelred and Canute
As a child Edward the Confessor had been raised in Normandy

44
Q

Why did Edward the Confessor promise William the throne?

A

During Earl Godwin’s rebellion in 1051, Duke William sent Norman soldiers to protect Edward

45
Q

What did the Normans claim?

A

Harold Godwinson had visited Normandy in 1064 and had promised under oath over a holy relic to support William’s claim to the throne (binding in the eyes of God)

46
Q

Why did William want the throne?

A

Good leader in Normandy

Wanted to expand his power and influence in England

48
Q

What is it called when a king named a successor to take over when he died?

A

Post obitum

49
Q

What is it called when a king named a successor on his deathbed to take over when he died?

A

Novissima verba

Normans (17 decks)

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