The Female Reproductive System (Uterus and Fallopian Tubes ONLY) Flashcards
Uterus: Shape and Position
The most common position of the uterus is _______ (cervix angles forward) and _______ (body is flexed forward). The position of UT in the adult may vary, depending on bladder fullness and pregnancy. Shape/Position is describes as its relation to the nonmobile cervix and with distended bladder
anteverted
anteflexed
Anteversion (Anteverted)
(most common position)
_______/_______ lying more anteriorly than the cervix
“tipped forward”
Anteflexion (Anteflexed)
_______/_______ flexed/folded more greatly anteriorly tothe cervix; this is normal with empty bladder but with is a varying in position with a distended bladder
fundus
body
fundus
body
Retroversion (Retroverted)
most common displacement
the UT fundus/body is displaced _______ (“tipped backwards”) to the cervix and bladder
Can still see _______
IVT imaging: UT fundus/body lies to _______ on image
posteriorly
endometrium
right
Retroflexion (Retroflexed)
The UT body and especially the fundus is extremely folded _______ (backward bending) upon cervix
the UT body/fundus is folded toward _______ of the UT (I)
Similar to retroverted; scan _______ and transverse
Loss of endometrium near _______
posteriorly
isthmus
transabd
fundus
A retroflexed, anteflexed, retroverted, and/or anteverted uterus is not considered pathologic and may not produce symptoms
Other Positions….. but rare:
_______ of the uterus: the uterus is displaced to the right
_______ of the uterus: the uterus displaced to the left
_______ uterus: the UT body is displaced to the left
_______ uterus: the uterine body is displaced or flexed to the left of the cervix
dextroposition
levoposition
dextroflexed
levoflexed
Uterine Prolapse
falling or sliding of the _______ into the vaginal area from it’s normal position
Causes:
_______, _______, and other structures hold the uterus are weak, uterus drops into the vaginal canal; more common in women with 1 or more vaginal births
Normal aging lack of estrogen after _______, anything that puts pressure on the pelvic muscles, including chronic cough and obesity, Pelvic tumor (rare), Long-term constipation and the pushing associated with it can make this condition worse.
Symptoms: Feeling like sitting on a small ball, Difficult/ _______ sexual intercourse, frequent _______, _______ backache, _______/_______ protrudes out through the vaginal opening, repeated _______ infections
uterus muscles ligaments menopause painful urination low uterus cervix Bladder
The Fallopian Tubes
extend laterally from the _______ portion of the uterus/fundal area and into the peritoneal cavity
ascend along the _______ border to tubal extremity end near the ovary bilaterally
Approx _______ cm in length
blood supply is by the anastomosing branches of the _______ and _______ vessels
Each FT 4 regions (medial to lateral):
1) _______ or intramural position
2) _______ portion
3) _______
4) _______ with fimbria
_______ tubes: connected to the uterus, passage for egg to travel/become fertilized from ovary to uterus
_______ cavity - cavity within uterus in which an embryo implants and grows and is a functional part of the menstrual cycle
cornual mesovarian 10 uterine ovarian interstitial isthmic ampulla infundibulum fallopian endometrial
4 Segments of the Fallopian Tube
1) Interstitial or Intramural
- _______ to uterus
- ____ cm in length
- embedded in uterus wall transversing the _______ at the cornual area
- Site of cornual pregnancies which can be life threatening because it is a highly _______ area
2) Isthmus
- ___ cm in length
- ___ of tube
- straight and _______ portion
- continuous with _______;
- connects _______ to ampulla
3) Ampulla
- ____cm in length
- ____ of tube
- _______ portion of FT
- _______ and most coiled portion
- usually site of _______ in pregnancy
4) infundibulum
- ___cm in length
- most lateral and _______ portion of FT
- _______ shaped
- closest to _______
- tube and ovary are not connected, however, the _______ may be attached to the ovary
- _______ are fringe-like extensions of the infundibulum which direct the released ovum into the FT; frequently one or more small pedunculated vessels are connected to the fimbrae or adjacent broad ligament and is called hydatids of Morgagni/appendices vesiculosae
proximal 1 myometrium vascular 2 1/3 medial ampulla interstitial 5 2/3 medial longest fertilization 2 distal funnel ovary fimbriae fimbriae
Function:
transport ova (unfertilized egg) toward the uterus and sperm from the endometrial cavity into the FTs for _______.
The _______ of the inner surface of FT and their contractions propel ova toward the uterus
Site of _______, and their secretions nurture the ovum (fertilized egg) during its migration into the endometrial cavity.
Not seen on ____ unless abnormal
fertilization
cilia
fertilization
US
The Ovaries…. briefly
are _______, densely cellular organs
___ x ____ x ____ cms (AP x width x length) in size
lie postero-inferiorly to the FTs within the _______ fossa/adnexa (a shallow pocket in the posterior broad ligament)
Has _______, _______, _______, _______ mid portions
Contains _______ (one will enlarge and produce an egg for fertilization)
Imaged bilaterally, _______ to uterus, in sagittal and transverse planes
ovoid 1 2 3 ovarian superior inferior mid ant follicles lateral
The Urinary Bladder, briefly
hollow, muscular organ central in the pelvis, anteriorly seen on US as _______ when filled with urine
receives tubular _______ - one from each side entering at the postero-lateral portion externally and open into the base of the trigone internally. At the apex of the trigone of the bladder infeormedially, the internal urethral os, the outlet of the bladder merges with the urethra. The bladder is loosely attached to the lower portion of the uterus, and the trigone rests anterior to the vagina
The _____-_____ pouch lies posterior to the extraperitoneal bladder, and the Space of Retzius is anterior, allowing upward expansion of the organ, and surgical access to the urethra. The circulation of the bladder is via the superior and middle vesical artery.
anechoic
ureters
vesico-uterine
