GYN Test 1 Flashcards
The Pelvic Muscles
- Serves as anatomical landmarks and support
- Most are paired structures; _____ symmetric
- _____ echogenic than fat and exhibit _____ internal echoes
- _____ & _____ muscles overlie the sacrum/coccyx
- Along the lateral margins of the pelvic cavity, lie the hip bones, which are covered by _____ internus muscles
- The _____ ani and _____ muscles form the lower margin of the pelvic floor/diaphragm
- The margin above the pelvic diaphragm is the _____ cavity; the smaller area below the pelvic floor is the _____. The lowest part of the peritoneal cavity is the _____ pouch (pouch of Douglas)
bilaterally less linear piriformis coccygeus obturator levator coccygeus pelvic perineum rectouterine
Abdominal Wall Muscles
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall which are in the abd cavity but do not extend into the pelvic cavity
- _____ abdominis muscles - anterolaterally
- _____ abdominal obliques
- _____ abdominal obliques
Muscles which originate in the abd cavity and extend superiorly from _____ process to _____ pubis inferiorly
-Paired _____ abdominis muscles anteriorly
(may be seen on US in false pelvis)
transversus internal external xiphoid symphysis rectus
Muscles of the Pelvic Cavity
(Greater/False/Major & Lesser/True/Minor)
- Psoas major: Pelvic _____
- Iliacus - Pelvic _____
- Iliacus M. & Psoas M. = Iliopsoas M.
- Piriformis: _____ wall
- Obturator Internus: _____ pelvic sidewall
Levator ani: Pelvic _____ (diaphragm)
-Coccygeus: _____ pelvic floor (diaphragm)
sidewall sidewall posterolateral anterolateral floor posterior
Muscles of Greater/False/Major Pelvis
1) Psoas Major Muscles
- Originates from ________ region
2) Iliacus Muscles
- Lie inside the ________ crest in the pelvis
- Seen as large muscle @ level of mid BL (________ pelvis) on US bilaterally, the psoas muscle join with Iliacus to form the ________ muscled to support the pelvic cavity ________ and upper border of UT laterally
- Image with US in the false pelvis on TRV @ BL
Lumbar Iliac False Iliopsoas Laterally
Recurs Abdominis Muscles (Six-Pack)
- seen well on US ________ within the abdominal cavity, but not within the pelvic cavity
- Paired; forms much of the ________ wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
- Extends from the _____ rib and ________ process Caudally/inferiorly to pubic symphysis
- Wrapped in a muscular sheath; fuses with the ________ abdominis muscles to form the linea alba in the ML abdomen (the transverse abdominis muscles form the anterolateral borders of the abdominopelvic cavity)
- SONO appearance - on cross section, seen in the ________ pelvis as ovoid or lenticular shaped (lens shaped) just off ML bilaterally
Transversely Anterior 6th Xiphoid Transverse False
Muscles of the TRUE Pelvis
- ________
- ________
- ________ Ani (pubococcygeus M. + Iliococcygeus M. + Puborectalis M.)
- ________ Internus Muscles
Piriformis
Coccygeus
Levator
Obturator
1) Piriformis M.
- Makes up the ________ and ________ wall of true pelvis
SONO appearance:
- Can look ________ or ________ shaped on US
- At the same level as the ________ but ________ to ovaries
- Often confused for ________
- ________ to uterus
Posterior Lateral Triangular Oval Ovaries Posterior Ovaries Lateral
2) Coccygeus Muscle
- ________ shaped muscle (anatomically)
- makes up the ________ lateral wall of true pelvis; ________ portion of pelvic floor/diaphragm (the portion that levator ani muscle group doesn’t cover)
- lies ________/behind the levator ani
- supports the ________ and ________
SONO Appearance:
-Not easily distinguished from the ________ ani muscle group
Triangular Posterior Posterior Posterior Sacrum Coccyx Levator
Levator Ani
-made up of 3 muscles: _____ M. + _____ M. + _____ M.
Together these muscles form a “_____” like structure across the pelvic floor/diaphragm ant to post and from lateral side to lateral side, coming together as one in the very inferior portion of the pelvic cavity
Levator Ani Muscle
- “_____-like” muscle group draping the pelvic floor/diaphragm ant - post and laterally
- supports the _____, _____, and _____
- plays an important role in _____ and _____ continence by maintaining these orifices closed until needed
- helps in maintaining the position of the _____ and _____
1) Pubococcygeus Muscles - Extend from pubic bone anteriorly to _____ posteriorly, encircling _____, _____, _____
- Most medial and _____ to the pelvic diaphragm
2) Iliococcygeus Muscles - Lateral to the _____ muscles
- Drapes pelvic floor from _____ to medial, bilaterally to “mesh” with pubococcygeus muscles ML
3) Puborectalis Muscles - Attached _____ and drapes around the _____
pubococcygeus iliococcygeus puborectalis hammock hammock rectum vagina urethra rectal urinary uterus vagina coccyx vagina urethra rectum anterior pubococcygeus posteriorly rectum
4) Obturator Internus M.
- Makes up the _____-_____ wall of true pelvis
- Situated _____ to ilipsoas runs sup to inf pelvic cavity
SONO appearance:
-On trans view, seen at the anterior portion of true pelvis _____; approx @ lower level of BL
-In sagittal view, appears thin, _____ strip of muscle
antero-lateral
posterior
laterally
hypoechoic
What are the names of the area CEPHALIC to the linea terminalis?
False pelvis
Greater pelvis
Pelvis Major
What are the names of the area CAUDAL to the linea terminalis?
True Pelvis
Lesser Pelvis
Pelvis Minor
Is a serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity and clothing the abdominal viscera
Peritoneum
What does the peritoneum support?
Organs in the abdominal cavity
The potential space between the parietal and visceral peritonea
Peritoneal cavity
