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Reproductive System Anatomy > The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The female reproductive organs include the…

A

uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and ovaries.

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2
Q

What three structures constitute the birth canal?

A

vagina
cervix
uterus

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

what are the three layers of the uterus?

from outermost to innermost

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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5
Q

as pregnancy advances the uterus physiologically has an ‘upper’ segment and a ‘lower’ segment - what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from?

A

isthmus

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6
Q

when a C section is performed, which part of the uterus is openes to deliver the baby?

A

lower segment

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7
Q

The normal position of the uterus is ‘anteflexed’ and ‘anteverted’.
What could happen if the position of the uterus is very retroverted and retroflexed, particularly in early pregnancy?

A

prolapse of uterus into vagina

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8
Q

At any surgical management of miscarriage why might it be important to know prior instrumentation of the uterine cavity whether the uterus is anteverted ir retroverted?

A

to prevent organ injury and correctly place the instrument into the uterus

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9
Q

What are the fornices of the vagina? How many are they?

A

Vaginal fornix is a recess around the protruding cervix, there are four:
1. anterior fornix
2. posterior fornix (reservoir of semen after intravaginal ejaculation)
3. left and right lateral fornix

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10
Q

Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

The posterior fornix: the rectouterine pouch is commonly involved in ascites, tumours, endometriosis, pus collection etc. It is also used in ESKF placing dialysis catheters there.

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11
Q

The uterus and cervix are firmly anchored in position in the pelvis by a number of ligamentous attachments.
Identify and establish the attachments and origins of the following ligaments in this model:

A
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12
Q

which ligament (part of pelvic fascia, which is one of the main supports of the uterus) is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus?

A

lateral cervical ligament or Mackenrodt’s ligament

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13
Q

Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus?

A

pelvic floor muscles (pelvic diaphragm)

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14
Q

In the pelvis the cervix is a _____ _________ , supported by strong ligaments to prevent movement. The uterus is supported, but has ability to move, especially when increasing in size during pregnancy.

A

In the pelvis the cervix is a fixed structure, supported by strong ligaments to prevent movement. The uterus is supported, but has ability to move, especially when increasing in size during pregnancy.

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15
Q

The uterine tubes are divided into 4 parts, name these.

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. ampulla
  3. isthmus
  4. intramural or uterine part
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16
Q

which part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest?

A

ampulla

17
Q

fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube?

A

ampulla

18
Q

what is meant by tubal (ectopic) pregnancy?

A

Implantation of f. egg in fallopian tube
An ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon, but important clinical diagnosis to be aware of an requires urgent surgery due to the risk of blood loss

19
Q

what might a cornual ectopic pregnancy be?

A

Implantation of f. egg in the cavity of a rudimentary horn of the uterus

20
Q

what are the two ligaments associated with the ovary called?

A

1) ligament of ovary - from uterus to ovary
2) suspensory ligament of ovary - ovary to lateral pelvic wall

21
Q

The blood supply to the gonads and genitalia is via two major branches from the aorta…

A

the ovarian (gonadal) and internal iliac arteries

22
Q

at what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries originate?

A

L2-3

23
Q

As the ovarian artery descends it passes within the ____ to supply the ovaries via the ____. Note that this vessel freely anastomoses with the ____..

A

As it descends the artery passes within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament.
Note that this vessel freely anastomoses with the uterine artery.

24
Q

intwo which vessels do the left and right ovarian veins drain into?

A

left > left renal vein
right > IVC

25
Q

The uterine artery crosses over which structure at the level of the ischial spine, junction of cervic and lateral part of fornix of vagina?

A

ureter

26
Q
A
27
Q

which group of lymph nodes drains the ovary?

A

para-aortic and lumbar lymph node

28
Q
A
29
Q

Describe the mammary gland (breast).

A

The breasts are highly modified exocrine glands lying in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region. They form important accessory organs of the female reproductive system and provide nutrition to the new-born in the form of milk.

Each breast consists of 15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands (parenchyma) and stroma (connective tissue).

30
Q

The breasts extend vertically from what rib to what rib? and horizontally from the lateral border of the sternum to where?

A

2nd-6th rib
mid-axillary line

31
Q

the deep surface of the breast is related to which muscles?

A

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior

32
Q

the mammary gland are supplied by branches of which arteries?

A

subclavian and axillary

33
Q
A
34
Q

list the main groups of lymph nodes draining the breast tissue and their area (numbered on diagram)

A
  1. parasternal
  2. supraclavicular
  3. pectoral
  4. axillary
  5. inferior phrenic
35
Q

which group of lymph nodes first receives lymph from the lateral part (quadrant) of the breast tissue?

A

axillary

Reproductive System Anatomy (11 decks)

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