The Family Part 2 Flashcards
what did the ho, bluestein & jenkins (2008) study find on cultural outcomes of parental harshness in european & asian canadian families
parental harshness was positively related to child aggression in European Canadian families but negatively to south asian canadian families
What was the overall finding of ho, bluestein & jenkins (2008) study
for all ethnic groups parental harshness was positively related to children’s aggression when parent report of outcomes was used, but the strength varied across groups
in ho et al. 2008 study, what was parental harshness not related to
child emotional problems
what are economically disadvantaged families & working class families like in regards to discipline
- stress obedience & respect for authority
- more authoritarian & power assertion
- less frequent use of reasoning
- less warmth & affection
what are the two major factors that often come up in factor-analytic approach
correlates of parental love & control
what is baurmind’s four typologies of parenting
- authoritarian
- authoritative
- permissive
- (neglectful)
do the same parenting practices lead to the same outcome across cultures
no - authoritarian parenting in african american/chinese american does not lead to externalising problems but does in european americans
discuss multi-generational households
mothers are primary caregivers, followed by grandmothers then fathers
-grandmothers tend to increase the moral-religious emphasis on the family
discuss the suggestions made by chao (2001) on why authoritative parenting does not have as beneficial effects for Asian Americans as it does for European Americans
suggests that authoritarian parenting may reflect relationship qualities that emphasise closeness & intimacy rather than parental respect
what were the findings of the chao (2001) study about grades
both 1st & 2nd generation chinese had sig. higher grades than european american adolescents
1st. gen chinese had significantly higher grades than 2nd gen
what were the findings of the chao (2001) study about school effort
1st & 2nd gen chinese sig. higher reported levels of school effort than european american adolescents
-no difference b/w 1st and 2nd gen chinese
what were the findings of the chao (2001) study about relationship among the variables
authoritative parenting was positively related to closeness for all three groups whereas authoritarian parenting neg. related to closeness in european american
in european americans who had higher grades - those who had authoritarian parents or those who had authoritative
authoritative
discuss autonomy re asian americans
asian american parents tend to exert their authority longer than european american parents
discuss important factors in parental monitoring
its important to not over control or be over permissive
what has been shown to more strongly predict parents’ knowledge of their child’s whereabouts & externalising problems
self-disclosure rather than behaviour control
what is soenens et al (2006) three step model
- parenting relates to adolescent self-disclosure
- self-disclosure is positively related to parental knowledge
- parental knowledge negatively predicts substance use and delinquent behaviour
what did the soenens et al (2006) study find
responsiveness was the strongest predictor of disclosure. highlights the importance for parents to be warm, understanding & have a good personal relationship with adolescents.
what are the four social domain theory categories of self-disclosure
- prudential issues (adolescents health, safety, comfort etc)
- moral & conventional issues (others welfare, fairness, rights)
- personal issues (control over ones body, privacy, appearance, friendship)
- multifacted issues (eg. watching r rated movies)
what did smetana et al (2009) find about the four social domain theory categories
- adolescents were less involved in prudential than other behaviours
- adolescents disclosed more about prudential and personal than multi facted behaviours
according to smetana et al (2009) what was anticipated parental disapproval associated with
partial disclosure & lying
according to smetana what was lying associated with
more parental behavioural control over personal issues and poorer relationships with fathers
what did kearney & bussey (2014) examine
the impact of pressured information management with mothers on boys’ and girls’ subsequent psychological functioning
according to kearney & bussey (2014) discuss pressured secrecy
pressured secrecy was especially aversive for girls and was associated with depression & anxiety, but was only related to stress for boys
according to kearney & bussey discuss pressured disclosure
less detrimental & had a positive effect on girls’ anxiety over time
what is collective family efficacy
beyond parents to the family group
according to Caprara et al (2004) self efficacy beliefs are…
domain-linked knowledge structures that vary across spheres of functioning rather than a global trait
the more confident adolescents are in thier filial and collective family efficacy, the more likely they are to
- to be satisfied with family life
- to report open communication with their parents
- to comply with their monitoring
- to avoid having disagreements turn into hostility and aggression
the more confident mothers and fathers are in their parental and marital efficacy & collective family efficacy the more like they are to
- satisfied with family life
- engage in open communication with children
- effectively monitor their children’s activities
- avoid having disagreements escalate into hostility & agression
Jones & Prinz (2005) found that there is strong evidence linking
parental self efficacy to parental compentence
