the eyes

Question 1

what shape must the eye be to focus up close?

Answer 1

rounder

Question 2

what shape must the eye be to focus far away?

Answer 2

flatter

Question 3

what controls contraction of the ciliary muscles?

Answer 3

parasympathetic nerve fibers

Question 4

what is hypermetropia?

Answer 4

far sightedness - the focal point falls behind the retinal surface

Question 5

what is myopia?

Answer 5

near sightedness - the focal point falls in front of the retina

Question 6

what is presbyopia?

Answer 6

loss of lens elasticity with age

Question 7

what is the optic nerve composed of?

Answer 7

ganglion cells

Question 8

with regard to the eyes what cells respond as long as the stimulus remains within the receptive field?

Answer 8

sustained ganglion, these work with P-cells

Question 9

with regards to the eyes, what cells respond only when light is turned off or on?

Answer 9

transient cells, these work with M-cells

Question 10

what are P-cells and what type of cells do they normally work with?

Answer 10

they provide information about fine detail, and work with sustained ganglion

Question 11

what are M-cells and what type of cells do they normally work with?

Answer 11

they are concerned with changes in light and dark contrast and signaling changes with movement. They work with transient cells

Question 12

what is hemianopia?

Answer 12

loss of half of the visual field

Question 13

where are magnocellular layers and what type of cells do they work with?

Answer 13

they are in the LGN, work with M-cells, transient ganglion cells, rods (light/dark contrast)

Question 14

where are the parvocellular layers and what type of cells do they work with?

Answer 14

they are in the LGn and work with sustatined, cones, P-cells (fine detail and color information)

Question 15

where is the central visual field represented?

Answer 15

posterior pole of the occipital lobe

Question 16

what area of the brain does object recognition?

Answer 16

temporal lobe

Question 17

what area of the brain allows for perception of motion, rotation, and depth?

Answer 17

posterior parietal lobe

Question 18

what area of the brain allows for perception of color and to a lesser extend motion, rotation, and depth?

Answer 18

parieto-temporal lobe junction

Question 19

what does the P-pathway carry to the temporal lobe?

Answer 19

it carries info related to form and color of objects

Question 20

what does the M-pathway to the parietal lobe area?

Answer 20

it carries info related to gross form and motion

Question 21

what does a partial lesion of area 17 result in?

Answer 21

contralateral visual field deficits

Question 22

what does a bilateral lesion of area 17 result in?

Answer 22

total blindness

Question 23

what would a lesion to the prestriate cortex result in?

Answer 23

deficits in discriminating between objects or patterns

Question 24

what would a bilateral lesion to the posterior half of the middle and inferior temporal gyri result in?

Answer 24

difficulty in identifying the salient features of objects or patterns that distinguish them

Question 25

what would a lesion to the anterior half of the middle and inferior temporal gyri present as?

Answer 25

inability to recognize a previously seen pattern or object, memorization of visual patterns

Question 26

what does brodmanns area 7 do in terms of vision

Answer 26

provides the ability to identify rotational and directional movement, and depth perception