The EYE Final Flashcards
The Eye
Anatomy of the eye
Orbit
Eyelid
Composed of skin externally and mucosa (the conjunctiva) on the surface of the eye.
Generate Critical components of the tear film
Blepharitis / neoplasm – (sebaceous gland obstruction) -> Lipid extraversion -> Chalazion (Lipogranuloma)
Conjunctiva
Palpebral conjunctiva - lines the interior of the eyelid
Bulbar conjunctiva - covers the surface of the eye
Limbus - Intersection between the sclera and the cornea
Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis cause redness and itching, but most heal without sequelae. Chlamydia trachomatis -> significant conjunctival scarring
Pinguecula and Pterygium
Submucosal elevations on the conjunctiva from actinic damage (UV)
Pinguecula - Yellowish patch or bump on the conjunctiva near the cornea
Change in the normal tissue that results in a deposit of protein, fat, and/or calcium
Pterygium - Triangular-shaped growth of fleshy tissue on the white of the eye that eventually extends over the cornea
A Pterygium can often develop from a pinguecula
Cornea
Corneal Stroma lacks blood vessel and lymphatics - immunoprivileged
Corneal neovascularization - risk of corneal graft rejection
Keratitis and Ulcers: Caused by - bacterial, fungal, viral (especially herpes simplex and herpes zoster), and protozoal (Acanthamoeba) - infections
Corneal Degen and Dystrophies
Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
Anterior Segment - Cataracts
Anterior Segment - Glaucoma - Mechanics
Anterior Segment - Glaucoma - Type
Glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
Primary (most common): Genetics
Secondary: Ocular vascular malformations; Trauma
Angle-closed Glaucoma
Primary: Hyperopia
Secondary: Retinal Ischemia; Tumors
Anterior Segment - Ophthalmitis
Retina & Vitreous - Functional Anatomy
Retina & Vitreous - Retinal Vascular Disease
Retina & Vitreous - Retinal Vessel Occlusions
Retina & Vitreous - Other Retinal Degenerations
Retina & Vitreous - Optic Nerve - Papilledema
