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CPO Exam > The Eye Exam > Flashcards

The Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

7 Elements of Patient History

A
  1. Demographic
  2. Chief Complaint
  3. History of Present Illness
  4. Review of Systems
  5. Social history
  6. current medications
  7. Allergy to medications
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2
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Measure of the finest detail the eye can detect

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3
Q

Snellen Letters

A

The eye chart used to test distance vision

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4
Q

Snellen refraction

A

Testing distance– Distance at which letter is standardized to be read

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5
Q

What does 20/40 mean?

A

At 20 feet, the person read what is standardized to be read at 40 feet

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6
Q

What does cover/uncover testing do?

A

Examines binocular relationship of the eyes (how well eyes are working together)

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7
Q

Esotropia

A

Eye deviating inward

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8
Q

Exotropia

A

Eye deviating outward

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9
Q

Hypertropia

A

Eye deviating upward

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10
Q

What happens if you put an occulder over the fixated eye? *the good eye

A

The deviated eye will quickly refixate

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11
Q

Keratometry

A

Opthalmometry

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12
Q

Keratometry

A

Measures curvature of the cornea and focusing power of cornea

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13
Q

Benefits of keratometry

A

Doesn’t require patient responses

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14
Q

What keratometry can do?

A

estimate focusing power of cornea, amount of astigmatism, evaluate integrity of surface of eye, estimate base curve of lens during contact lens fitting

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15
Q

Benefits of Automated Keratometers

A

Quicker to get K-Reading, little training to use, automated refraction (if build in to machine)

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16
Q

Topography

A

Measures thousands of points along cornea to provide curvature, refractive power, and radius of cornea

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17
Q

Benefit of topography

A

measures wide area and many points of measurement (keratometer only measures 4 points)

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18
Q

What is corneal topography used for?

A

To screen before refractive surgery, fitting contacts, adjusting post surgical corneal transplants, diagnosing refractive disorders/diseases

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19
Q

What is Retinoscopy?

A

Objective measure of refractive power of the eye

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20
Q

Retinoscope

A

Hand-held instrument used to measure retinoscopy

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21
Q

How does retinoscope work?

A

Bright light shined in patients eye, doctor examines the reflex of the pupil and then places lenses in front of eye to determine prescription

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22
Q

What is objective when using retinoscope?

A

To find a lens that stops the reflex of pupil

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23
Q

“With” movement

A

Add plus powered lenses

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24
Q

“against movement”

A

minus powered lenses

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25
Q

Ocular Adnexa

A

All adjacent structures of the eyes (eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, tarsal plates, orbit, muscles, conjunctiva

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26
Q

Manifest/Subjective Refraction

A

Using patient responses to determine refraction (prescription)

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27
Q

What instrument is used for a subjective refraction?

A

Phoropter

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28
Q

What is opthalmoscopy?

A

Examination of the inside of the eye

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29
Q

What tool is used for opthalmoscopy and how does it work?

A

An opthalmoscope– illuminates and inspects interior of the eye

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30
Q

Two types of opthalmoscopes?

A

direct and binocular indirect

31
Q

Direct ophthalmoscope

A

Hand held and yields a larger image but smaller field of view

32
Q

Binocular direct opthalamoscope

A

Worn on the head, uses hand held lens- yields smaller image and much larger field of view– need dilation drops to get better internal view

33
Q

What is purpose of opthalmoscopy?

A

To detect diseases and abnormalities in internal part of eye

34
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

Eyes working together as a team

35
Q

What is tonometry?

A

Test to measure intraocular pressure in the eyes

36
Q

What does tonometry help diagnose?

37
Q

Non Contact Tonometer (NCT)

A

puff test for checking IOP

38
Q

Goldmann Tonometer

A

Mounted to slit lamp, requires aenestic drop because probe touches cornea

39
Q

Tono-pen

A

hand held tonometer but stil requires anesthetic drop to get a reading

40
Q

Visual field

A

Area of space that is visible to the eye

41
Q

Perimetry

A

Test to measure visual field

42
Q

Confrontation fields

A

manual visual field test

43
Q

Humphrey, Dicon, Octupus

A

Automated visual field test

44
Q

Biomicroscopy

A

Slip- lamp examination to get highly magnified view of structures of the eye

45
Q

Usues of biomicroscope?

A

Observe contact lens fit, check for foreign bodies, look at all parts of front of the eye to check for health

46
Q

Can you view back of the eye with biomicroscope?

A

Yes, but need special lenses

47
Q

What is fundus?

A

bottom or base of anything (in medicine– inner lining of hollow organ)

48
Q

Ocular fundus

A

Inner lining of eye (sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium, brushs membrane, choroid)

49
Q

Fundus photo

A

taking pic of back of eye to check eye helath-

50
Q

What does fundus photo see?

A

Optic nerve, vitreous, macula, retina, and blood vessels

51
Q

How does fundus photo work?

A

visualize back of eye by focusing light through the cornea, pupil, and lens

52
Q

Posterior pole

A

Retina between optic nerve and macular area

53
Q

Arcades

A

Normal pattern of retinal blood vessels

54
Q

Cup-to-disc ratio

A

Percentage of disc occupied by optic cup

55
Q

Exudates

A

Proteins/fatty fluid that leads from blood vessels into retinal tissue

56
Q

Cotton wool spots

A

fluffy looking white deposits within retinal nerve fiber layer– small patches of retina that have lost their blood supply from vessel obstruction

57
Q

Nevus

A

A mole on the eye

58
Q

Pachymetry/Pachymeter

A

Measures thickness of cornea– determines if cornea is strong enough for surgery and monitors diseases that thicken cornea

59
Q

Lensometer

A

Instrument used to measure prescription on glasses and contact lenses

60
Q

Asepsis

A

practice of reducing contaminants to prevent infection

61
Q

Accomodation

A

Eyes ability to focus objects from distance to near– the cyrstalline lens changing shape to refract light

62
Q

Emmetropia

A

Image focuses on back of retina when accomodation is relaxed– no correction required

63
Q

Ametropia

A

image is focused somewhere other than retina– requires correction

64
Q

Myopia

A

When accommodation is relaxed, images are focuses in front of the retina resulting in blurry distance vision

65
Q

Causes of myopia

A

Eye is too long

66
Q

How is myopia corrected?

A

With minus lenses

67
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farisightness, image focuses behind retina

68
Q

Causes of hyperorpia

A

Cornea too flat or eyeball to short – needs plus power

69
Q

Astigmatism

A

When is relaxed state, image is focused at two points

70
Q

Cause of astigmatism

A

Cornea is longer at one meridian than the other

71
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of ability to see up close (usually in old people)

72
Q

Cause of presbyopia

A

Lens cant change shape (accommodate)

73
Q

Vertex distance

A

distance from where the back of the spectacle lens rests in front of the eye to where the contact lens rest on the eye

74
Q

Is lens thinner or thicker in the center for hyperopia?

CPO Exam (3 decks)

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