Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eye Phys > The Eye and How It Works pt 1 > Flashcards

The Eye and How It Works pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the opening between the upper and lower eyelids?

A

palpebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the name of the muscle that lifts open the upper eye lid?

A

levator palpebrae superiors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the thick layer of connective tissue that protects the eye and is located in the upper eye lid?

A

tarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the eyelid?

A

protects the eye from injury and spreads tears over the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the triangular space on the sides of the cornea when the eyes are open called?

A

canthi - lateral canthus (outside of eye) and medial canthus (inside of eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose of eyelids (2)

A

Protect the eye from injury and excessive light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The inside corner of the eye where eye boogers are found. It is modified skin that contains sweat and oil glands with fine cilia.

A

caruncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Round muscle that goes all the way around the eye that helps the eye close.

A

orbicularis oculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three places where tears are formed

A

lacrimal gland, goblet cells, meibomian glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Small hole near the caruncle that drains tears

A

punctum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

small tube between punctum and lacrimal sac

A

canaliculi (canaliculus - plural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Three functions of tears

A

forms a smooth refractive surface on the corneal epithelium, maintains a moist environment for the corneal epithelium, carries oxygen to the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tear Flow (3)

A

punctum -> canaliculus -> lacrimal sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The opaque “white” of the eye.

A

sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sclera made of?

A

connective tissue - makes the eye strong to prevent penetration and protect the eye. It also allows passage of nerves and blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where the optic nerve goes through the sclera.

A

lamina cribrosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Part of sclera that is the vascular section. It has connective and elastic tissue to allow the eye to have some give and movement.

A

episclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mucous membrane that covers the sclera. It is very thin like saran wrap and is continuous from the eyeball to the lid.

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 parts of the conjunctiva

A

palpebral (on the lids itself) and the bulbar (on the eyeball)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purpose of the conjunctiva

A

defend and repair the cornea from scratches, wounds and infections.
Catches microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The junctional bay created when the two portions of the conjunctiva meet

A

fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the conjunctiva made up of?

A

secretory elements from blood vessels (nutrients, antibodies & leukocytes)
cellular- secretes mucous and oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transparent, clear, shiny area at the front of the eye.

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Details about cornea (3)

A
  • fully developed by age 2
  • thickness is maintained
  • convex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The 1mm transitional zone between cornea and conjunctiva

A

limbus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

5 layers of the cornea

A

epithelium
Bowman’s layer
stroma
Descemet’s membrane
endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Epithelium (4)

A

-Outer part of the cornea (touches tears)
-5-7 cells thick (50 microns)
- barrier and refractive surface
- rapid regeneration without scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bowman’s Layer (2)

A

-acellular
-10 microns thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Stroma (2)

A

-Thickest layer of cornea (makes up 90% of the corneal thickness)
- 78% water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Descemet’s Membrane (2)

A

-3-12 microns thick
-basement membrane (attaches to something)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Endothelim (2)

A

-4-6 microns thick
-500,000 cells that you are born with

32
Q

What provides nourishment to cornea (3)

A
  • plexus of fine capillaries at limbus
  • tear film
  • Aqueous humor (clear fluid between cornea and iris)
    **there are NO blood vessels in cornea
33
Q

Uvea (3)

A

iris, cilliary body, choroid
**High blood vessel/blood flow area

34
Q

very outermost part of uvea

A

iris

35
Q

Iris (4)

A
  • very outermost part of uvea
  • central circular aperature (pupil)
  • many ridges and furrows
  • 2 muscles (sphincter - closes, dialator - opens)
36
Q

Ciliary Body

A

-behind iris
- connected to sclera
- cilliary processes (plump with many folds, 2/5 mm thick, products aqueous humor)
- zonular fibers (fine ligamentous fibers that attach to lens)

37
Q

what connects to cilliary body to control shape of lens

A

zonular fibers

38
Q

What lies between the retina and sclera that is a vascular structure that provides nourishment to retina?

A

choroid

39
Q

Structures of “the angle” (5)

A
  • root of iris
  • anterior surface of ciliary body
  • scleral spur
  • canal of Schlemm
  • trabecular meshwork
40
Q

4 steps of “the angle”

A

*aqueous hum0r through trabecular meshwork
- trabecular meshwork contains pores that takes the aqueous to schlemm’s canal
- aqueous then leaves the eye through aqueous veins that penetrate the sclera
*Obstruction leads to glaucoma

41
Q

lens shape

A

biconvex (front and back bow outward)

42
Q

lens diameter

A

9-10 mm (about 1 cm)

43
Q

lens equator

A

attachment for zonular fibers

44
Q

lens capsule

A

transparent, elastic envelope that hardens with age

45
Q

lens nucleus (2)

A

-develops in our 30s
-The central portion of the len

46
Q

lens cortex

A

outer lens fibers

47
Q

The lens onion effect

A

The lens keeps growing until it gets too big. The center grows outward and we never lose a cell This happens in our 40s and prevents us from being able to focus on close up objects.

48
Q

What makes up 2/3 of the interior volume of the eye?

A

vitreous humor

49
Q

what is vitreous humor

A

99% water - jelly like substance, thick and viscous

50
Q

What is vitreous humor made up of?

A

matrix of collagen fibers
hyaluronic acid

51
Q

This is anchors at the ora serrata, optic nerve and various points on the retina

A

vitreous humor

52
Q

the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body

A

ora serrata

52
Q

What causes floaters in the eye?

A

The collagen fibers in the vitreous humor break away, condense and lose transparency

53
Q

This part of the eye is an extension of the brain

A

retina

54
Q

How many layers does the retina have?

A

10

55
Q

This photoreceptor is responsible for seeing in dim light, is often associated with poor vision as well as action vision and there are about 125,000,000 of them.

A

rods

56
Q

This photoreceptor is responsible for color vision, fine detailed vision and there are about 6,000,000 of them.

A

cones

57
Q

The part of the retina where all fine detail comes from

A

central

58
Q

This part of the retina has a concentrated area of cones and damage to it dramatically reduces acuity.

A

macula lutea (central)

59
Q

This part of the retina is where most of the rods are located and damage to it causes night blindness

A

peripheral

60
Q

This sends nutrients to the retina and attaches to the choroid

A

pigment epithelium

61
Q

The part of the eye at the posterior of the globe that sends visual impulses from the retina to the brain. It has 1,000,000 axons.

A

optic nerve

62
Q

This supplies 1/3 of blood to the eye and has arteries and veins that branch in an arc patterns

A

optic nerve

63
Q

Where does optic nerve enter globe?

A

through the sclera in the lamina cribrosa (the basement of the physiological cup)

64
Q

This keeps what each eye sees on the left side together and what each eye sees on the ride side together.

A

optic chiasm

65
Q

Where the nasal fibers of one eye have joined with the temporal fibers of the other.

A

optic tract (the portion after the optic chiasm after the crossover happens)

66
Q

The relay station where fibers spread out in a fan shaped manner and extend to the parietal and temporal lobes.

A

Lateral Geniculate Body

67
Q

The area of the occipital lobe where conscious recognition occurs.

A

visual striate area

68
Q

the six muscles that move the eyeball

A

superior oblique
inferior oblique
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus

69
Q

This muscle adducts the eye to move it horizontally towards the nose

A

medial rectus

70
Q

This muscle abducts the eye to move it horizontally to the outside

A

lateral rectus

71
Q

This muscle moves the eye up

A

superior rectus

72
Q

This muscle moves the eye down

A

inferior rectus

73
Q

This muscle causes intorsion, moving the eye up and inward

A

superior oblique

74
Q

This muscle causes extorsion, moving the eye away from and down from the nose

A

inferior oblique

Eye Phys (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions