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Eye Phys > Blur Part 1 > Flashcards

Blur Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When does keratoconus develop?

A

onset in teens

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2
Q

This eye disorder is commonly associated with hay fever, atopic dermatitis, eczema or asthma

A

keratoconus

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3
Q

Can glasses correct an abnormal astigmatism?

A

no

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4
Q

What happens to the cornea with keratoconus?

A

The cornea progressively thins and bulges forward, creating a cone shape. Also creates an irregular astigmatism.

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5
Q

What is the treatment for keratoconus? (4)corneal

A

1- gas permeable contact lenses (regular glasses do not correct regular astigmatism)
2- keratoplasty
3- corneal cross linking
4- low vision aids

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6
Q

What is a keratoplasty?

A

corneal transplant

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7
Q

What is corneal cross linking?

A

surgery that strengthens the cornea

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8
Q

Keratoconus typically affects who?

A

females more often than males

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9
Q

Keratoconus is a _____ _________

A

developmental abnormality

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10
Q

Herpes Simplex Keratitis is from what virus?

A

herpes simplex virus

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11
Q

herpes simplex keratitis is an _________ disorder

A

inflammatory

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12
Q

Herpes simplex keratitis is a ___ ____ on the eye.

A

cold sore

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13
Q

Where does the virus that causes Herpes SImplex Keratitis lie?

A

sensory nerves of the face - trigeminal ganglion

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14
Q

What causes herpes simplex keratitis to reemerge? (3)

A

emotional stress, trauma, menstruation

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15
Q

What part of the eye does herpes simplex keratitis usually effect first?

A

epithelium (outer layer of the cornea)

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16
Q

What happens in recurrent episodes of herpes keratitis simplex?

A

-Lies dormant within facial nerve
-recurrent infections go deeper into the stroma and cause lasting damage

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17
Q

What is the reoccurrence rate of herpes simplex keratitis?

A

50% reoccurrence within 5 years

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18
Q

What is the eye disease caused by varicella virus (chicken pox)?

A

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

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19
Q

Symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

severe neuralgia (nerve pain)
vesicular eruption of skin (swollen, red, blisters)

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20
Q

Where does herpes zoster ophthalmicus live?

A

trigeminal nerve (main nerve to cornea)

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21
Q

Occular effects of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (4)

A

superficial ulcers
deep stromal ulcers
secondary glaucoma
paralysis of EOM (eye muscle)

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22
Q

What is the main cause of corneal ulcers?

A

misuse of contact lenses (sleeping in them, not changing them frequently enough)

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23
Q

What is the effect of corneal ulcers?

A

dependent on location - deeper the location, the worse the scarring

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24
Q

What is the disease that causes “swiss cheese” band across the eye

A

band keratopathy

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25
Q

What causes band keratopathy? (3)

A

tonacity of tears
pH
endothelial functionings

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26
Q

How to treat band keratopathy

A

corneal debridement (scraping epithelium off to reduce or remove it)

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27
Q

Main effect of band keratopathy

A

overall reduction in vision

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28
Q

What causes superficial punctuate keratitis “spk”? (3)

A

Adenovirus, herpes simplex, chemical injuries

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29
Q

Is superficial punctate keratitis spk curable?

A

no - treatable, not cureable

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30
Q

Effects of superficial punctate keratitis

A

small erosions within the epithelium
lesions are common

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31
Q

What is a recurrent corneal erosion?

A

When there is an injury to the cornea (fingernail, branch, papercut) and when your eye dries out it reopens.

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32
Q

What happens when you have recurrent corneal erosion?

A

More occurrences increases the likelihood of scarring

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33
Q

What is swelling of the cornea called

A

corneal edema

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34
Q

What happens to the cornea when you have corneal edema?

A

Swelling causes the loss of endothelial cells. This causes the cornea to get too much water in it and transparency is loss

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35
Q

Another term for corneal edema

A

Fuch’s dystrophy

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36
Q

Treatment for corneal edema

A

salt water drops to pull water out of cornea or hairdryer to eye

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37
Q

Another term for map-dot-fingerprint

A

corneal dystrophy

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38
Q

What happens with corneal dystrophy? (2)

A

cornea becomes unstable
transparency is lost

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39
Q

What usually causes bullous keratopathy

A

surgery gone wrong

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40
Q

What happens in bullous keratopathy? (5)

A

Damage to the cornea - cells lose the ability to remain clear
Edematous
loss of endothelial cells
painful epithelial edema
blur

41
Q

Treatment for bullous keratopathy

A

no good treatment, best option is cornea transplant

42
Q

Acid injury to eye

A

extensive burning (burns off front of eye)

43
Q

Base/alkali injury to eye

A

more serious!
causes a chemical reaction within the eye and adheres to the corneal and conjunctival tissue.

44
Q

Most common form of radiant energy that harms eyes

A

ultraviolet caused by tanning bends

45
Q

What happens when eye is exposed to ultraviolet rays?

A

UV rays are absorbed into the cornea which causes burning and scarring of cornea

46
Q

What happens with an infrared burn to eyes?

A

permanency reduced acuity
**this is like the “eclipse burn” from a solar eclipse earlier this year

47
Q

Results of xrays on eyes (5)

A

damages tribecular meshwork
causes glaucoma, necrosis of the skin, loss of lashes, iritis

48
Q

Hyphema

A

blood in anterior chamber

49
Q

What causes hyphema

A

tear in iris

50
Q

Results of hyphema (2)

A

vision is blacked out or blurred
Blood can scar the back of the cornea on the endothelium

51
Q

what is iritis/uveitis

A

inflammation in the eye causes by the eye fighting something (likely lupis or another autoimmune disorder) or a corneal injury

52
Q

Effects of iritis/uveitis (2)

A

cloudy anterior chamber (blur)
Increased eye pressure b/c tribecular meshwork is blocked

53
Q

aniridia

A

partial or complete absence of iris

54
Q

iris hypoplasia

A

iris does not form
congenital, bilateral, hereditary

55
Q

Vision effects of aniridia (3)

A

reduced vision
photophobia
nystagmus

56
Q

Why do people with aniridia have extreme photophobia?

A

The aperture of the eye (pupil) is absence so there isn’t any way for the eye to control how much light is entering the eye

57
Q

Three visual conditions associated with aniridia

A

optic and macular hypoplasia
cataracts (earlier onset than typical)
corneal changes

58
Q

When do cataracts typically form

A

Typically develop after 45 years old

58
Q

What is the #1 cause of blindness in the world?

A

cataracts

59
Q

Most common ocular surgery in the USA

A

cataract surgery

60
Q

Three types of cataracts

A

nuclear sclerosis
cortical
posterior subcapsular

61
Q

Effect of cataract

A

opacity within the lens of the eye

62
Q

What is nuclear sclerosis

A

a cataract that causes discoloration of lens (yellowing)

63
Q

Visual effects of nuclear sclerosis (3)

A

diplopia
refractive shift (can change from farsighted to nearsighted)
clouding of vision

64
Q

What is a refractive shift

A

a change in how light is bent in the eye

65
Q

Where is a cortical cataract located

A

anterior or posterior of lens

66
Q

Vision of cortical cataract

A

opaque spokes (like bike spokes)
glare
least amount of visual effect of cataract types

67
Q

What exacerbates posterior subcapsular cataracts?

A

diabetes

68
Q

Where is posterior subcapsular cataract located

A

posterior capsule (blockage on back of lens)

69
Q

visual effects of posterior subcapsular cataract (4)

A

most visually debilitating of cataracts
difficulty reading
glare at night
reduced vision in bright light

70
Q

With this type of cataract a blockage on the center of the back of the lens negatively affects viewing and prevents light from coming into the eye because of its location

A

posterior subcapsular cataract

71
Q

Two other types of cataracts that don’t have fancy names

A

congenital (at birth)
traumatic (injury or surgery)

72
Q

At what age is retina fully developed?

A

7 years old

73
Q

Congenital cataract viewing

A

clouding of lens

74
Q

what do congenital cataracts effect? (2)

A

retinal development
causes amblyopia

75
Q

treatment for congenital cataract

A

aphakia to pseudophakia or glasses

76
Q

pseudophakia

A

fake lens

77
Q

cataract surgery atime

A

8-12 minutes

78
Q

what happens in cataract surgery

A

2.5-3 mm incision
ultrasonic probe breaks apart nucleus of lens
broken up parts vacuumed out
intraocular lens implanted

79
Q

When was the first cataract surgery

A

1949

80
Q

Types of intraocular lens implants

A

accommodating
astigmatism

81
Q

side effect of cataract surgery

A

capsular phimosis

82
Q

What is a capsular phimosis

A

secondary cataract that is a side effect of cataract surgery

83
Q

What condition must be present for capsular phimosis to occure

A

patient must have a pseudophakic lens

84
Q

What happens to vision with capsular phimosis

A

a haze develops on lens that causes reduced vision and glare

85
Q

treatment for capsular phimosis

A

YAG laser

86
Q

what is a vitreous hemorrhage

A

blood in vitreous

87
Q

what is the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage/

A

vitreous detachment

88
Q

Besides vitreous detachment, these four things can cause a vitreous hemorrhage

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy
vein occlusion with proliferation
retinal tear (w or w/o detachment)
trauma

89
Q

Visual effect of vitreous hemorrhang

A

hazy to light perception acuity

90
Q

what is optic neuritis

A

inflammation from the optic nerve

91
Q

what is the most common cause of optic neuritis?

A

multiple sclerosis

92
Q

Why is an eye doctor usually the person to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

A

Patient has rapid change in vision and eye doctor discovers optic neuritis

93
Q

vision changes with optic neuritis

A

sudden change
reduced vision

94
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis (3)

A

pain upon eye movement
changes in pupillary reaction
loss of color vision

95
Q

what is optic atrophy

A

Part of the optic nerve dies causing a loss of nerve fibers in the optic nerve (usually it is not known why)

96
Q

What does optic atrophy cause? (4)

A

central scotoma
sometimes reduced peripheral vision
photophobia
altered color vision

97
Q
A

Eye Phys (3 decks)

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