The Eye Flashcards
eye exam components
- inspection
- special tests
WHAT IS THE FIRST THING YOU DO IN AN EYE EXAM?
- check visual acuity!
How do you check visual acuity?
- pt wears normal correction
- each eye individually then together
- pocket Snellen Chart
Patient reads 20/25 line then only gets 2 letters on 20/20 line, how would you rate this?
- 20/25 + 2
Patient reads 20/100 line then misses 1 on 20/70 line, how would you rate this?
- 20/70 - 1
define mypoia
- near sighted
- patient can see near
define hyperopia
- far sighted
- patient can see far
eye inspection
- eyebrow and lids for sym, trauma, and abnormalities
- lacrimal apparatus
- sclera/conjunctiva
- cornea/lens for opacities
- iris
- pupils
What are you looking for when inspecting the eyelids?
- ptosis
- proptosis/exophthalmos
- blepharospasm
- entropion/ectropion
What does proptosis/exophthalmos indicate?
- Graves
What does blepharospasm indicate?
- irritation
- stress
- stimulants
What does ptosis indicate?
- Horners (CN III)
What are you looking for when inspecting the sclera/conjunctiva?
- conjunctivitis
What does a water sclera/conjunctiva indicate?
- allergic conjunctivitis
What does purulent sclera/conjunctiva indicate?
- bacterial conjunctivitis
How do you indicate pupils were normal to exam?
- PERRLA
(pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation
interpret Marcus-Gunn pupils
- does not constrict with direct light
- constricts with consensual light
eye special tests
- EOM, convergence, accommodation
- cover/uncover
- fundoscopic
eye special tests
- EOM, convergence, accommodation
- cover/uncover
- fundoscopic
What does a lack of lateral eye movement indicate?
- CN VI
What does a lack of medial, superior, or inferior movement indicate?
- CN III
What does the cover/uncover test reveal?
- strabismus
What are you looking for on fundoscopic exam?
- red reflex
- optic disc
- venous pulsations
- AV nicking, retinal hemhorrage, cotton wool spots
- macula
interpret red reflex results
- normal = bright and clear
- absent = cataracts
