The Eye Flashcards

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1
Q

Cornea

A

Protection, helps focus light on the retina

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2
Q

Lens

A

Convex, focuses light on the retina

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3
Q

Retina

A
  • light, sensitive layer of cells
  • rods = are sensitive to low light, but only black and white
  • cones = are sensitive to colour but require higher light intensity
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4
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Sends optical information from retina to brain, the attachment causes a blind spot

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5
Q

Iris

A

Dilates or constricts to control the amount of light that enters the eye

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6
Q

Ciliary Muscles

A
  • changes the lens thickness

* accommodation is when the ciliary muscles change the lens shape, altering the lens focal length

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7
Q

Hyperopia

A
  • far-sightedness
  • image is formed behind the retina
  • lens/cornea combination is too weak or distance from lens to retina is too short
  • a converging lens can reposition the image on the retina
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8
Q

Myopia

A
  • near-sightedness
  • image is formed in front of the retina
  • a diverging lens can reposition the image on the retina
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9
Q

Presbyopia

A
  • lens has lost elasticity and can’t easily change focus
  • close objects are focus behind the retina, but distant objects are not affected
  • converging lenses for close things, or bifocals
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10
Q

Astigmatism

A
  • cornea or lens is a little more cylindrical
  • lines in one direction are more clearly focused than lines in another direction
  • fixed with slightly cylindrical lenses
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11
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Age-related, progressive damage to the macula causing gradual loss of central vision

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12
Q

Detached Retina

A
  • sudden separation of the retina from the underlying layers

* can be surgically reattached, but if not done promptly the retina can lose its blood supply and be permanently damaged

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13
Q

Cataracts

A
  • the lenses gradually become translucent causing a progressive lack of vision
  • treated by replacing the lenses with artificial ones
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14
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • pinkeye
  • an inflamed conjunctiva, usually caused by bacterial/viral infection
  • the white part of the eye appears pink or red
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15
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • the aqueous humor in the eye is constantly being replaced
  • if new fluid is produced faster than the old fluid is reabsorbed, the intraocular pressure increases
  • excessive eye-pressure can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness
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