the eye

Question 1

sclera?

Answer 1

whites of the eye

Question 2

cornea?

Answer 2

small window at the front of the sclera

Question 3

iris?

Answer 3

coloured part of eye

Question 4

pupil?

Answer 4

hole in the middle of the iris

Question 5

lens?

Answer 5

focuses light on the retina

Question 6

diff eye conditions?

Answer 6

1. red eye
   2.dry eye
2. eyelid disorders (styes, chalazion, blepharitis)
   4.herpes

Question 7

what to look for?

Answer 7

-Check the size of the pupil
-What colour is the sclera?
-What is the nature of the discharge?
-Are there any eyelid problems?
-Pull the lower eyelid and examine the conjunctiva

Question 8

questions to ask?

Answer 8

-Is vision affected?
-How severe is the presenting complaint?Scale?
-What is the nature of the discomfort?
-Is there any discharge?
-Previous eye and medication history?
-Is there family history of e.g glaucoma?
-Photophobia?
-Contact wearer?

Question 9

how to examine someones eye?

Answer 9

1. Ask the customer to pull their lower eyelid down
2. Ask them to look up, and left and right
3. Then ask them to raise their upper eyelid
4. Ask them to look down, and left and right
   You are trying to check the colour of their eyes as well as examine their pupils.

Question 10

types of red eye

Answer 10

-subconjuctival hematoma
-simple vasodilation of capillaries
-conjunctivitis

Question 11

subconjuctival hematoma

Answer 11

broken blood vessel in the sclera causing eye to appear bloodshot and red.

Question 12

features of subconjuctival hematoma

Answer 12

-No pain or visual disturbance
-Sudden onset
-Rupture of small blood vessels maybe as a result of temporary increase in pressure such as sneezing,coughing
-No result but refer if due to trauma or if they are diabetic.

Question 13

simple vasodilation

Answer 13

general redness of the white of the eye

Question 14

features of simple vasodilation

Answer 14

-Frequently as a result of irritation or allergy
-Local antihistamine(antazoline) or sodium cromoglycate
-Vasoconstrictors to reduce vasodilation (short term use only because long term use can lead to narrow angle glaucoma)

Question 15

conjunctivitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the conjunctiva ( a thin, mucous membrane covering the external surface of the eye and eyelids)

Question 16

4 main causes of conjunctivitis

Answer 16

1. bacteria
2. viral
   3.chlamydia
   4.allergic agents

Question 17

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

Answer 17

-Self-limiting but treatment speeds up recovery
-can be prescribed antibiotics (chloramphenicol)

Question 18

features of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 18

-No pain,
-No change in vision
-Absent photophobia

Question 19

viral conjunctivitis

Answer 19

can be hard to differentiate from bacterial

Question 20

reasons to refer

Answer 20

-distortion of vision
-irregular shaped pupil
-photophobia
-true eye pain
-clouding of cornea
-redness localised around pupil

Question 21

herpes

Answer 21

a viral infection that can cause a painful, red eye

Question 22

symptoms of herpes

Answer 22

eye pain
a red eye
watering of your eye
sensitivity to light
blurred vision or other changes to your eyesight
a swollen eyelid
blisters or a rash on your eyelid or the skin around your eye

Question 23

treatment for herpes

Answer 23

-an antiviral medicine such as aciclovir, taken as eye ointment, eye drops or sometimes tablets
-antiviral medicine with steroid eye drops to reduce swelling

Question 24

styes

Answer 24

a small, painful lump on the eyelid
eyelash follicle or gland gets infected

Question 25

difference between stye and chalazion?

Answer 25

A stye is a bacterial infection on the edge of the eyelid but a chalazion is a blocked oil gland and may not hurt .

Question 26

how to treat styes

Answer 26

-Soak a clean flannel in warm water/use a warm compress
-Hold it against your eye for 5 to 10 minutes.
-Repeat this 2 to 4 times a day.

Question 27

blepharitis

Answer 27

inflammation of eyelid.causes swollen, itchy eyelids

Question 28

symptoms of blepharitis

Answer 28

sore eyelids
itchy eyes
a gritty feeling in the eyes
flakes or crusts around the roots of the eyelashes
eyelids sticking together in the morning when you wake up

Question 29

treatment for blepharitis

Answer 29

no cure. long term eyelid hygiene

Question 30

dry eyes

Answer 30

occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to irritation, discomfort, and sometimes blurred vision.
Blepharitis is present in 80% of dry eye patients.

Question 31

treatment for dry eye

Answer 31

-clean your eyelids every day
-take breaks to rest your eyes when using a computer screen
-make sure your computer screen is just below eye level
-use a humidifier to stop the air getting dry
-if you wear contact lenses, take them out and wear glasses to rest your eyes
-eyedrops

Question 32

factors affecting dry eyes

Answer 32

Environmental factors: wind, sun, low humidity,
dust ,air conditioning
Lifestyle factors: computer use ,low blink rate, contact lens wear, poor diet, certain eye surgeries
Physical factors: age, hormonal changes, medical conditions, wide lid aperture

Question 33

red flags for dry eye patients

Answer 33

redness,light sensitivity,visual loss,pain