mens health Flashcards
prostate
gland that makes semen
symptoms of prostate cancer
Urgency to pee
Straining while you pee
Feeling that your bladder is not fully empty
Blood in urine
prostate cancer
cells begin to grow in a uncontrolled way causes changes in urination and potential pain
prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate-can affect any age.Affects urination and causes discomfort.
enlarged prostate
Increases size of prostate which causes change in urination.
how tot test for prostate cancer
Blood tests (PSA) [ 👍early detection/ treatment] [ 😡false positives and negatives
Digital Rectal Examination
MRI
Biopsy
watchful waiting vs active surveillance
1-aimed at people who are not suitable for/don’t want to receive treatment and instead involves the deferred use of hormone therapy.
2- aimed at people who are suitable for radical treatment or tumours are showing signs of progressing or want it.
radical treatments
Radical prostatectomy- surgical removal of the entire prostate gland
External beam radiotherapy- ionizing radiation directed at tumor outside the person
Brachytherapy- radiation is given using either permanently implanted radioactive seeds or temporarily inserted radioactive sources into the prostate.
other treatments
Hormonal therapy = Androgen deprivation- a treatment that lowers testosterone levels
Chemotherapy- an option for men with hormone-relapsed metastatic disease.
Bisphosphonates = calcium-regulated drugs which inhibit bone resorption, used in the treatment of hypercalcemia,osteoporosis, and bone pain. It should be offered to people who are having androgen deprivation therapy and have osteoporosis.
erectile dysfunction (ED)
The persistent inability to attain/maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance.
which certain medicines can cause it
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Diuretics - increase production of urine/ treat high blood pressure,heart failure,kidney disease
Antihypertensives
Anticonvulsants
risk factors for ED
Peyronie’s disease(distortion or curvature of the penis)
Priapism (inflammation of the penis)
Depression
Alcohol
Lack of sexual knowledge
Poor sexual techniques
Inadequate interpersonal relationships
Smoking
lifestyle changes can help improve it
Losing weight
Reducing smoking
Reducing alcohol
Not taking drugs
Regular exercise
Reducing stress
medication for ED
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are the most widely used/effective medication for erectile dysfunction.This works by temporarily increasing the blood flow to your penis.
Sildenafil (viagra) 8hrs
Tadalafil 36 hrs-works for longer
Vardenafil 8hrs
Avanafil 8hrs
side effects of ED med
headaches/migraines
-flushing
-indigestion
-nausea
-vomiting
-back pain
-vision disturbances
-muscle pain
side effects of medication
Unstable angina or angina occurring during sexual intercourse.
Regular or intermittent use of nitrates in any form —risk of severe, life-threatening hypotension
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg).
Recent history of myocardial infarction
Recent history of stroke
Heart failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias
Uncontrolled hypertension
Severe hepatic impairment
Renal impairment
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Prostate gets larger and large discrete nodules compresses the urethra.
symptoms of BPH
hesitancy during urination, interrupted or decreased urine stream,nocturia,incomplete voiding and urinary retention.
risk factors of BPH
40+ yrs
Family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease and type 2 DM
Lack of physical exercise
Erectile Dysfunction
lifestyle changes for BPH
-Reducing intake of liquids, particularly before going out in public or
before periods of sleep
-Avoiding or reducing intake of caffeinated beverages and alcohol
-Avoiding or monitoring the use of medications such as decongestants,
antihistamines, antidepressants, and diuretics
-Exercising pelvic floor muscles
-Preventing or treating constipation
treatment for BPH
if lifestyle changes don’t work they could be given
alpha blockers
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
anticholinergics
diuretics
male pattern baldness
This process shortens the hair growth phase and reduces the size of hair follicles.
-Over time, thicker, pigmented hairs are replaced by smaller, finer hairs.
diagnosis of male pattern baldness
Rapid onset of hair loss
Temporal hair thinning
Inflammation, papules or pustules, scaling, or scarring of the scalp
Absent or reduced eyebrows or eyelashes
Systemic disease, such as a recent severe infection, iron deficiency, or hypothyroidism
Exposure to medication
Change in dietary habits
treatment of male pattern baldness
steroid injections/creams
immunotherapy
light treatment
tattooing
hair transplant
scalp reduction surgery
artificial hair transplant
