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Psych 201 Exam 3 > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

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1
Q

What does JND stand for?

A

Just Noticeable Difference

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2
Q

What is the JND for weight?

A

2%

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3
Q

What is the physical stimulus for vision?

A

Light

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4
Q

How much of light is visible?

A

Only a small part

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5
Q

What is Light Amplitude?

A

Distance from top to bottom of wave length

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6
Q

What does Light Amplitude tell us?

A

How much energy the light contains and determines brightness.

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7
Q

What is wave length?

A

Distance between peaks in wave length.

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8
Q

what does wave length tell us?

A

Different lengths give us different colors.

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9
Q

What is the Cornea?

A

Transparent protective covering that bends the light wave (where contacts sit)

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10
Q

What is the Aqueous Humor?

A

A watery substance in the back of Cornea. Nourishes the eye, keeps it glassy and rounded.

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11
Q

What is the Pupil?

A

Adjustable opening in the center of Iris that constricts and dilates.

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12
Q

What is the Iris?

A

Translucent donut shaped muscle that controls the size of the pupil.

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13
Q

What is the Lens (lenses)?

A

Focuses the visual image on the retina.
One is concave and one is convex.

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14
Q

What is are Ciliary Muscles?

A

Changes the shape of the lens to bend light rays.

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15
Q

Occular Accommodation

A

Changes in the lens as an object gets closer/ further from you.

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16
Q

What is Myopia?

A

Nearsightedness

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17
Q

What is Hyperopia?

A

Farsightedness

18
Q

What is the Vitreous Humor?

A

A jelly like substance that makes up most of the eye that gives shape.

19
Q

What is the Retina?

A

A multilayered light sensitive tissue. Where transduction occurs.

20
Q

What are the Photoreceptors, where are they located?

A

Located in the Retina, Preforms transduction.

21
Q

What are the Bipolar Nuerons, where are they located?

A

Located in the Retina, Pass signals from photoreceptor cells to Ganglion cells.

22
Q

What are the Ganglion Cells, where are they located?

A

Located in the surface of the Retina, Makes up the optic nerve (creates action potential)

23
Q

What are Rods, where are they, and main characteristics?

A

Type of photoreceptor. The periphery of the eye. Highly sensitive t o light, works best in low light. Primarily black and white, not sensitive to color.

24
Q

What are Cones, and main characteristics?

A

Type of photoreceptor. The center (fovea) of the eye. Not sensitive to light, works better in bright light. Good at distinguishing color.

25
Q

What is the Fovea?

A

A small area in the center of the retina that is densely packed with cones only.

26
Q

What is the Blindspot?

A

The point at which the optic nerve exists the eye (No receptor cells, you cannot see there).

27
Q

What is the Optic Nerve?

A

Takes messages to the brain.

28
Q

What is light adaptation?

A

Increasing ability to see in the light as time in the light increases (leaving a movie theatre).

29
Q

What is Dark Adaptation?

A

Increasing ability to see in the dark as time in the dark increases (turning off the downstairs lights at night).

30
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

Cones are most sensitive to wavelengths corresponding to blue, green, and red

31
Q

What is the limitation to the Trichromatic Theory?

A

It cannot explain the afterimage (turn of the lights and see an American flag).

32
Q

What color are short wavelength cones sensitive to?

A

Blue.

33
Q

What color are medium wavelength cones sensitive to?

A

Green.

34
Q

What color are long wavelength cones sensitive to?

A

Reddish Yellow.

35
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

A

Color-sensitive visual elements are grouped into pairs, pair members oppose each other (opposites).
Red/Green, Blue/Yellow, Black/White.

36
Q

Dual-Process Theory

A

Combines the Trichromatic and Opponent-Process theories.

37
Q

What does the Dual-Process Theory change about the Opponent-Process Theory?

A

It begins in the Ganglion cells, and not the cones.

38
Q

Colorblindness

A

Inability to sense certain colors.

39
Q

Trichromats

A

people with normal color vision.

40
Q

Dichromat

A

people who are color-blind in one of the three systems.

41
Q

Monochromat

A

people who are completely color-blind.

Psych 201 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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