The Executive Flashcards by Sadie Scott

3 ways President uses Cabinet

Team Spirit
Easier to access information
See all departments
Debate

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What did the Founding Fathers create the President to be?

Head of State & Government

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Where is the Executive mentioned in the Constitution?

Article 2

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Quote regarding where the power of the executive would be vested?

‘The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America’

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7 Formal Powers of President?

Propose Legislation 
Nominate Judges/heads of Exec Dept. 
Sign/Veto bills 
Act as Chief-Executive &amp; Head of State 
Negotiate Treaties 
Presidential Pardon 
Submit Annual Budget

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5 Checks & Balances of Presidents power by Congress?

Amend/Delay/Reject Legislative Proposal 
Override Veto 
Reject Nominations 
Investigate Actions &amp; Policies 
Impeachment

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Imperial Presidency

Misuse of power in regards to foreign policy & congress

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Imperilled Presidency

Ineffectiveness & weakness as a result of a powerful congress

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What & Where are the Presidents formal powers found?

inherited powers in article 2

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4 things limiting power of the President?

Media & Public Opinion
Checks & Balances
Party support in Congress
Orientation of Supreme Court

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Example of Presidential Pardon in use?

President Ford pardoned Nixon in 1974 following the Watergate Scandal

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How many people did George W. Bush Pardon?

189

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Example of Congress Amend/Delay/Rejecting Legislative proposal?

Rejection of Obamas gun control legislation 2013

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Example of Congress refusing a Supreme Court Judge nomination?

Robert Bork - Nominated by Reagen in 1987

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When was Clinton Impeached?

1998

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How is Legislative power over the Executive limited?

House & Senate might be controlled by different parties

A supermajority is needed but usually impossible

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2 Checks & Balances of Presidents power by the Judiciary?

Judicial Review - rule actions as unconstitutional

President Impeachment

Example of Judiciary ruling Presidents actions as unconstitutional?

1974
President Nixon actions in refusing to release the White-House tapes was unconstitutional as he was acting above his means of power

How is the Judicial power over the Executive limited?

Cases have to be brought to them

Can only look at a number of cases per year

Example of an imperilled president?

Ford/Carter - post watergate scandal, found there hands much more tied

When & Why was the Executive Office of the Presidency created?

1939 - ‘Brownlow Committee’ suggested an executive office to help president do his job better.

The White House Office

1939 - Overseen by Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney

Office of Management & Budgeting

Chaired by Mick Mulvaney as of 2017

- Budget execution & president assistance

National Security Council

Chaired by Trump, regards national security and foreign policy matters

Where & How is cabinet mentioned in the Constitution?

Article 2 Section 2 | 'May require opinion in writing of the executive departments upon subjects relating their respective offices'

What is the cabinet?

15 heads of department nominated by the president and approved by the senate

Original 4 cabinet departments & current chairs?

Attorney General - William Barr Treasury - Steve Mnuchin War - (defence) Patrick Shanahan State - Mike Pompeo

4 Functions of each cabinet council?

Coordinate domestic policy Advise the President Ensure policy initiatives are consistent Represent policy to other branches of government

Examples of Vice President vacancy?

1973 - Nixons VP Spiro Agnew resigned due to tax evasion - replaced by Gerald Ford Nixon resigned - Gerald Ford became President and nominated Nelson Rockerfella as VP

Changes 25th Amendment made to Vice Presidents?

1967 - President can appoint new VP without congress majority - VP acts as president when president is disables e.g. Dick Cheney 2007

Example of a balanced ticket?

2008 - Obama & Biden Obama; black, 47, 4 years experience Biden; white, 63, 36 years experience

How many times has the VP become President & for what reason?

9 8 - death (4 natural, 4 assassination) 1 - resignation

Cabinet Meetings

vary in regularity & diminish over time, Clinton held just 24.

Pyramid System

Executive office organisation with President at the top with only key advisors able to access them

Factors to consider when selecting cabinet ministers?

Relationship United Factions - Obama nom Clinton after beating her in political race Expertise - Arne Duncan as secretary of Education

Spokes of the wheel system

Executive office organisation with President equal & accessible to all

Where are cabinet members typically sourced from?

Congress - (Clinton 2009 as sec. of sate) State Governors City Mayors Academia - (Steven Chu 2009 as sec of energy = physics professor)

Powers of Vice President?

Officer of the senate Counting & Announcing of Electoral Votes Becomes PM Acts as PM

Joe Biden previous experience and time as Vice President?

Delaware Senator since 1973, 2009 - 2017

Dick Cheney time as Vice President?

2001 - 2009