The Execution of Louis XVI and the Radicalisation of the Revolution Flashcards
When was the last fortified town before Paris captured?
2 September 1792
How did Danton and Marat address the issue of traitors in France?
Danton “Citizens, no nation on earth has ever obtained liberty without a struggle. You have traitors in your bosom.”
Marat “Let the blood of traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country.”
When did the September massacres begin?
2 September 1792
How many prisoners died out of all those in Paris?
1200-1400 out of 2700
Who was to blame for the September massacres?
Danton and Roland for failing to intervene and Marat for his rhetoric
How did the Brissotins and sans-culottes see the September massacres?
Brissotins: horrified. Sans-culottes: Defending the revolution against enemies to save Paris.
What did William Doyle attribute the massacres to?
‘Paranoid atmosphere in Paris’ and the ‘desire of the Commune for revenge on its enemies’
When did the French army win a victory at Valmy? How many more men volunteered to go into battle as a result?
21 September 1792. 20,000.
When was the National Convention convened?
21 September 1792
When was the new calendar issued?
22 October 1792
Who were the two factions in the Convention? Who were the leaders? What did they represent?
Girondins and Montagnards. Leaders: Brissot and Roland / Robespierre, Marat, Danton. Represented provincial areas and wealthier men, opposed to violence. Montagnards: the common man. Power came from the poor.
How many were in the Brissotins, Marsh, and Montagnards?
180, 250, 200-300.
When did a Girondin deputy disastrously accuse Marat of creating a personality cult and wanting to become a dictator?
29 October 1792
When was citizen Louis Capet indicted before the National Convention?
11 December 1792
What was King Louis indicate for?
A ‘multitude of crimes in the establishment of his tyranny’ and violating the ‘sovereignty of the people.’
What was the main divider for the fate of the King? What did the Girondins want?
The punishment. Girondins did not want him to be executed. Thought they ought to be a referendum to consult the general will.
When did deputies unanimously vote the king is guilty and that his fate would not be up to public ratification?
15 January 1793
‘It was resistance by Girondin deputies that so profoundly
alienated the people of Paris and undermined the credibility of the government.’ Michael Adcock
When was Louis publicly executed?
21 January 1793
What was the impact of Louis’ execution?
Other European leaders, already angered over Danton’s declaration of France’s intention to expand its borders, were further outraged.
What did the Convention do on February 1793?
France pre-emptively declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain.
What was the levee en masse, and when was it declared?
Convention orders the conscription of 300,000 men into the Revolutionary army, on 24 February 1793.
What was the response to the levee en masse?
Riots and protest.
How many local priests refused to take the Clerical Oath in November 1790 in the Vendee?
90%
What was in the Decree Requiring Non-Juring Priests to take the Civic Oath?
priests who were deemed suspect of revolt were to be removed from their parish and the forget of his stipend from the state.
Who opposed the Decree Requiring Non Juring priests to take the Civic Oath?
Louis; who vetoed it, despite it being passed into effect immediately. Loyal catholic felt alienated.
What were a few reasons people in the Vendee were angry?
Execution of Louis XVI, revolution had not brought any benefits to the peasants there, redistribution of church generally benefitted bourgeoisie.
What was the trigger for rebellion in the Vendee?
The military levee, which exempted public officials and National Guards
When did rebellion fully break out in Nantes, La Rochelle and Angers?
Mid march 1793
Who was rebelling against who?
Peasants, priests, local nobles, townsfolk rebel against local patriots, constitutional priests, local officials who took orders from Paris.
When did 48 Paris Sections petition for control on grain prices? How did the Montagnards respond to this + when?
12 February 1793
Montagnards in September introduce the Law of The Maximum to regulate the prices of essential goods.
