The Execution of Louis XVI and the Radicalisation of the Revolution

Question 1

When was the last fortified town before Paris captured?

Answer 1

2 September 1792

Question 2

How did Danton and Marat address the issue of traitors in France?

Answer 2

Danton “Citizens, no nation on earth has ever obtained liberty without a struggle. You have traitors in your bosom.”
Marat “Let the blood of traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country.”

Question 3

When did the September massacres begin?

Answer 3

2 September 1792

Question 4

How many prisoners died out of all those in Paris?

Answer 4

1200-1400 out of 2700

Question 5

Who was to blame for the September massacres?

Answer 5

Danton and Roland for failing to intervene and Marat for his rhetoric

Question 6

How did the Brissotins and sans-culottes see the September massacres?

Answer 6

Brissotins: horrified. Sans-culottes: Defending the revolution against enemies to save Paris.

Question 7

What did William Doyle attribute the massacres to?

Answer 7

‘Paranoid atmosphere in Paris’ and the ‘desire of the Commune for revenge on its enemies’

Question 8

When did the French army win a victory at Valmy? How many more men volunteered to go into battle as a result?

Answer 8

21 September 1792. 20,000.

Question 9

When was the National Convention convened?

Answer 9

21 September 1792

Question 10

When was the new calendar issued?

Answer 10

22 October 1792

Question 11

Who were the two factions in the Convention? Who were the leaders? What did they represent?

Answer 11

Girondins and Montagnards. Leaders: Brissot and Roland / Robespierre, Marat, Danton. Represented provincial areas and wealthier men, opposed to violence. Montagnards: the common man. Power came from the poor.

Question 12

How many were in the Brissotins, Marsh, and Montagnards?

Answer 12

180, 250, 200-300.

Question 13

When did a Girondin deputy disastrously accuse Marat of creating a personality cult and wanting to become a dictator?

Answer 13

29 October 1792

Question 14

When was citizen Louis Capet indicted before the National Convention?

Answer 14

11 December 1792

Question 15

What was King Louis indicate for?

Answer 15

A ‘multitude of crimes in the establishment of his tyranny’ and violating the ‘sovereignty of the people.’

Question 16

What was the main divider for the fate of the King? What did the Girondins want?

Answer 16

The punishment. Girondins did not want him to be executed. Thought they ought to be a referendum to consult the general will.

Question 17

When did deputies unanimously vote the king is guilty and that his fate would not be up to public ratification?

Answer 17

15 January 1793

Question 18

‘It was resistance by Girondin deputies that so profoundly

Answer 18

alienated the people of Paris and undermined the credibility of the government.’ Michael Adcock

Question 19

When was Louis publicly executed?

Answer 19

21 January 1793

Question 20

What was the impact of Louis’ execution?

Answer 20

Other European leaders, already angered over Danton’s declaration of France’s intention to expand its borders, were further outraged.

Question 21

What did the Convention do on February 1793?

Answer 21

France pre-emptively declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain.

Question 22

What was the levee en masse, and when was it declared?

Answer 22

Convention orders the conscription of 300,000 men into the Revolutionary army, on 24 February 1793.

Question 23

What was the response to the levee en masse?

Answer 23

Riots and protest.

Question 24

How many local priests refused to take the Clerical Oath in November 1790 in the Vendee?

Answer 24

90%

Question 25

What was in the Decree Requiring Non-Juring Priests to take the Civic Oath?

Answer 25

priests who were deemed suspect of revolt were to be removed from their parish and the forget of his stipend from the state.

Question 26

Who opposed the Decree Requiring Non Juring priests to take the Civic Oath?

Answer 26

Louis; who vetoed it, despite it being passed into effect immediately. Loyal catholic felt alienated.

Question 27

What were a few reasons people in the Vendee were angry?

Answer 27

Execution of Louis XVI, revolution had not brought any benefits to the peasants there, redistribution of church generally benefitted bourgeoisie.

Question 28

What was the trigger for rebellion in the Vendee?

Answer 28

The military levee, which exempted public officials and National Guards

Question 29

When did rebellion fully break out in Nantes, La Rochelle and Angers?

Answer 29

Mid march 1793

Question 30

Who was rebelling against who?

Answer 30

Peasants, priests, local nobles, townsfolk rebel against local patriots, constitutional priests, local officials who took orders from Paris.

Question 31

When did 48 Paris Sections petition for control on grain prices? How did the Montagnards respond to this + when?

Answer 31

12 February 1793

Montagnards in September introduce the Law of The Maximum to regulate the prices of essential goods.