France after Robespierre Flashcards
Who had suffrage under the Constitution of Year III?
Only active citizens
Where did the power to choose deputies lie after the Constitution of Year III?
Wealthier citizens; excludes many of the bourgeoisie and the peasants and urban workers.
What composed the two house National Assembly?
Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders
What was the executive branch of government called and how was it made up?
Directory. 5 members, one who retired each year. Chosen from Elders by a list drawn up by the Five Hundred.
What did Peter McPhee say of the Constitution of Year III?
‘The Constitution marks the end of the Revolution.’
What did Furet say of the Constitution of Year III?
‘The Revolution retraced its steps. It reopened the discussion about the Declaration of Rights, the sovereignty of the people, representation.’
What passed on 30 August 1795?
Law of the ‘Two-Thirds.’ Two thirds of new deputies had to be chosen from the old. Was seen by citizens as a way of maintaining power amongst men associated with the Terror.
What did Peter McPhee say of the Law of the Two Thirds?
Voters were angry that ‘the price of social order was to limit democracy.’
When did ordinary bourgeois life begin to return? How was this shown?
May 1795. Prostitution, novel production, neo-Grecian fashion, ‘monsieur et madam’, balls held, restaurants and gambling halls opened.
How did the working population feel about the return of bourgeois life?
Filled with poverty and despair.
When did 30,000 Parisians rise up against their government in defence of conservative values?
4 October 1795
Who gained leadership of the Committee of Defence to deal with the crisis?
Napoleon Bonaparte
When was the rebellion defeated? How many people died?
5 October 1795. Hibbert estimates only 200-300 died on either side.
What did Thomas Carlyle say of 5 October 1795?
The revolution was ‘blown into space and became a thing that was.’
How did George Rude view the end of the revolution?
‘The fall of Robespierre led to something of an anti-climax. The revolution continued, though at a slackened pace…The sans-culottes were once more disarmed and disenfranchised, and the rulers of 1795, after a period of hesitation, tried to revert to the ‘principles of 1789.’
