The Excretory System Flashcards

1
Q

Maintenance of a ratio between the quantity of salt and water in the body fluids such that the organism can survive in its natural habitat

A

Osmoregulation

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2
Q

Physiological function that serves as the involuntary control of the chemical environment of cells

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Organs that serve as the reservoir for water

A

Urinary Bladder

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4
Q

Urinary bladders arise during embryonic development as an evagination from the ventral wall of the ______________.

A

Embryonic Cloaca

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5
Q

Term used for the evagination from the embryonic cloaca that forms the urinary bladder in therian mammals

A

Allantois

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6
Q

Fibrous remnant of a part of the embryonic allantois that persists within the coelom distal to the bladder after birth

A

Middle Umbilical Ligament or Urachus

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7
Q

Connects the distal tip of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

A

Middle Umbilical Ligament or Urachus

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8
Q

Three mesenteries that are the sole remnants in adult craniates of the ventral mesentery that extended the entire length of the coelom

A
  1. Mesentery of Urinary Bladder*
  2. Lesser Omentum
  3. Falciform Ligament
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9
Q

Neurosecretory hormone that evokes active water reabsorption

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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10
Q

Where is the antidiuretic hormone released from in the brain?

A

Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary

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11
Q

Where can you find antidiuretic hormone in the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Used by female freshwater turtles to carry water for softening and moistening the soil when a nest is being prepared for eggs

A

Voluminous Bladders or Accessory Bladders

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13
Q

Deposits in the urine that serves as signalling device for mammals

A

Pheromones

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14
Q

Utilises the urinary bladder to reclaim essential ions when scarce in a specific environment

A

Basal Craniates

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15
Q

Utilises the urinary bladder as a signalling device

A

Mammals

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16
Q

Utilises the urinary bladder for softening and moistening the soil to prepare a nest for their eggs

A

Female Freshwater Turtles

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17
Q

Four nontherian mammals that have a urinary bladder

A
  1. Amphibians
  2. Turtles
  3. Basal Lizards
  4. Monotremes
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18
Q

Where do the urinary bladders of fishes arise from?

A

Nephrogenic Mesoderm

19
Q

What do you call the urinary bladder of ray-finned fishes that developed into an elongated sac?

A

Tubal Bladder

20
Q

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised by an unpaired. sometime bicornuate sinuslike enlargement at the caudal junction of the two mesonephric ducts

A

Ray-Finned Fishes

21
Q

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised as a small diverticulum from the dorsal wall of the cloaca

A

Lobe-Finned Fishes

22
Q

Group of fishes who have no structures that characterise as a urinary bladder

A

Living Agnathans and Cartilaginous Fishes

23
Q

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised as an elongated sac called a tubal bladder

A

Ray-Finned Fishes

24
Q

Group that eliminates byproducts through simple diffusion across any membrane exposed to the environment

A

Fishes

25
Q

Group whose kidney’s main role is to maintain water and salt balance

A

Fishes

26
Q

Group whose kidney’s main role is to maintain water and salt balance and eliminate nitrogenous wastes

A

Tetrapods

27
Q

Basic architectural components of a craniate kidney

A
  1. Glomeruli
  2. Renal Tubules
  3. Longitudinal Excretory Ducts
28
Q

Tufts of microscopic capillarylike arterial loops on the pathway of an arteriole where water, ions, metabolic waste products and certain other constituents are removed from the bloodstream

A

Glomeruli

29
Q

Microscopic capillarylike arterial loops

A

Retia Mirabilia

30
Q

Type of glomeruli that is suspended in the coelom surrounded by peritoneum

A

External Glomeruli

31
Q

Exhibits external glomeruli

A

Embryos and Larvae; Primitives

32
Q

Peritoneal funnel that sweeps the filtrate from the glomeruli to the renal tubules

A

Nephrostome

33
Q

Delicate double-walled outgrowth from a kidney tubule which adheres to the surface of the vascular loops

A

Bowman’s Capsule

34
Q

Type of glomeruli where the filtrate is collected by a capsular cavity before it is passed to a renal tubule

A

Internal Glomeruli

35
Q

Glomerulus + Bowman’s Capsule = ?

A

Renal Corpuscle

36
Q

Renal Corpuscle + Renal Tubule + Associate Peritubular Capillaries = ?

A

Nephron

37
Q

Functional unit of a gnathostome kidney

A

Nephron

38
Q

Arteriole that supplies the glomerulus

A

Afferent Glomerular Arteriole

39
Q

Arteriole that emerges from the glomerulue

A

Efferent Glomerular Arteriole

40
Q

Which arteriole of the glomerulus has a lesser diameter?

A

Efferent Glomerular Arteriole

41
Q

Why does the efferent glomerular arteriole have a lesser diameter?

A

Increases blood pressure within the glomerulus

42
Q

In embryonic development, where do renal tubules differentiate from?

A

Nephrogenic Mesoderm

43
Q

Site where several renal tubules empty their contents

A

Common Collecting Tubule